تأثیر تنش خشکی و روش کاشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دو رقم نخود (Cicer arietinum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی و روش کاشت بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دو رقم نخود، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز به‌صورت اسپلیت‌فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اصلی، قطع آبیاری بر اساس مراحل رشدی نخود (دو هفته پس از سبزشدنI1=، گلدهی I2=و آبیاری نرمالI3=) و فاکتور فرعی شامل ترکیبی از دو رقم نخود (آرمان و آزاد) و روش کاشت (کرتی، درون جوی و روی پشته) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین و کمترین میزان غلاف در بوته، دانه در بوته، درصد غلاف دودانه ای، وزن100دانه، عملکرد دانه، و عملکرد بیولوژیک به‌ترتیب در تیمار I3 و I1 به‌دست آمد و در مورد درصد غلاف پوک، روند برعکس بود. از نظر روش کاشت، بیشترین میزان غلاف در بوته، دانه در بوته، درصد غلاف دودانه ای، وزن100دانه و عملکرد دانه، در روش کاشت روی پشته به‌دست آمد. به‌طور کلی رقم آزاد به‌طور معنی‌داری از عملکرد دانه بیشتری نسبت به رقم آرمان (164 در مقابل117‌گرم در مترمربع) برخوردار بود و رقم مناسب برای این منطقه می باشد. هرچند تحت شرایط تنش خشکی، عملکرد دانه در هر دو رقم نخود کاهش یافت، ولی تغییر در روش کاشت از کرتی به کشت روی پشته در تیمارهای قطع زودهنگام آبیاری(I1) و یا در مرحله گلدهی(I2)، به‌عنوان یک روش زراعی می تواند باعث کاهش خسارت ایجادشده به‌ترتیب تا میزان 26 و 32‌درصد شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of drought stress and planting methods on yield and yield components of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Laleh Abasluo
  • Seyyed Abdolreza Kazemeini
  • Mohsen Edalat
Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress and planting method on yield and yield components of two chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.), an experiment was carried out at the research field of Faculty of Agriculture; Shiraz University, using a split factorial randomized complete block design with four replications. The main factor was irrigation stop at different growth stages of chickpea (two weeks after emergence= I1, flowering= I2 and normal irrigation= I3) and sub-factor involved a combination of two varieties of pea (Arman and Azad) and sowing methods (ridges, furrow and flat planting), respectively. Results showed that the highest and lowest pod number per plant, seeds per plant, two seeded pod percent, grain weight, grain yield and biological yield were obtained from I3 and I1 treatments, respectively, and the trend was contrary in the case of hollow pods. Most of pods per plant, seed per plant, two seeded pod percent, seed weight and seed yield were obtained from planting on ridges. Azad cultivar seed yield was more than (Arman 164 vs 117 g.m-2) and could be recommended in the Bajgah region. Although under drought stress condition seed yield was reduced in both cultivars but, it modification by changing the planting method from flat to ridge in the I1 and I2 treatments, and it can be used as a way of reducing seed yield loss by 26 and 32 percent, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flowering
  • Ridge planting
  • Seed number per plant
  • Stop irrigation
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