ارزیابی میزان خسارت تریپس پیاز Thrips tabaci L. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) روی شش رقم لوبیاقرمز در شرایط مزرعه

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسنده

بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مرکزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اراک، ایران

چکیده

لوبیا با نام علمی Phaseolus vulgaris یکی از مهم‌ترین حبوبات می­باشد که در اغلب کشورهای جهان کشت می‌شود. این محصول توسط آفات مختلف از جمله تریپس پیاز مورد حمله قرار می‌­گیرد. این تحقیق در طی دو سال 1398 و 1399 درشرایط مزرعه با کاشت ارقام درخشان، یاقوت، دادفر، افق، گلی و اختر در قالب طرح بلوک­‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دو آزمایش همراه با سم­پاشی و بدون سم­پاشی در مزرعه­ای واقع در منطقه قاسم‌آباد اراک انجام شد. آماربرداری برای بررسی تغییرات جمعیت آفت (به تفکیک پوره و بالغ) از زمان شروع آلودگی تا پایان آن به‌صورت هفتگی صورت گرفت. داده‌­ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SAS آنالیز و میانگین­‌ها از طریق آزمون توکی به‌صورت تجزیه مرکب مورد مقایسه قرارگرفتند. نتایج دوساله حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که ارقام یاقوت و دادفر به ترتیب با 3/2775 و 3/2735 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد را داشتند. از طرفی رقم گلی در مقایسه با بقیه ارقام علایم آلودگی پایین‌تر و درصد کاهش عملکرد کمتری داشت، ولی عملکرد آن (2110 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از سایر ارقام به‌غیر از اختر کمتر بود. بیشترین جمعیت تریپس در مراحل مختلف پوره و بالغ در دو رقم اختر (01/7 و 15/2 عدد) و درخشان ( 93/5 و 65/1 عدد) مشاهده شد. از این رو، رقم یاقوت به‌دلیل عملکرد بالاتر و خسارت کمتر تریپس و در درجه بعدی رقم گلی جهت کشت در منطقه اولویت دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the damage of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) on six cultivars of red bean under field conditions

نویسنده [English]

  • sedighe ashtari
Plant Protection Research Department, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, AREEO, Arak, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Legumes are a rich source of protein and dietary fiber. A good combination of legume protein with whole grains can eliminate malnutrition and amino acid deficiency in humans. Beans are one of the most important crops that are used in the nutrition of the people of the world and are very important due to their high nutritional value and relatively easy storage. Thrips is one of the pests that reduces bean yield. The different developmental stages of Thrips tabaci, by settling on underside of the bean leaves and feeding on the plant sap, cause silvery leaf spots which the black feces of the pest are visible inside them. These signs of damage indicate the presence of Thrips tabaci. This pest is active in bean fields in all season and cause damage. Onion thrips is the most well-known thrips in the world and causes significant damage to onion, cotton, lettuce, tomato and few other plants. It also carries some viral diseases.
 
Materials and Methods
Phaseolus vulgaris is one of the most important legumes cultivated in most countries of the world. This crop is attacked by various pests including onion thrips. This study was conducted in two years in field condition by planting cultivars Yaghut, Goli, Dadfar, Derakhshan, Ofogh and Akhtar (control) in a randomized complete block design with four replications in two experiments with spraying and non-spraying treatments, at Arak. To assess population changes, sampling was weekly done from the beginning to the end of the growing season. For sampling, five plants were randomly selected from each plot and scored based on the amount of damage and contaminated leaf area. Yield and yield components were also calculated. The results of this study were analyzed using SAS 9.1 statistical software and the means were compared by Tukey test in 1% and 5%.
 
Results and Discussion
In this study, Yaghoot and Dadfar cultivars had the highest yields with 2775.3 and 2735.3 kg/ha, respectively. On the other hand, Goli cultivar had a lower damage scale and a lower yield reduction percentage compared to other cultivars, but its yield (2110 kg/ha) was lower than other cultivars except the control. The two-year results of this study showed that the highest population of thrips in different stages of nymphs and adults were observed in Akhtar (7.01 and 2.15) and Derakhshan (5.93 and 1.65) cultivars. Population densities of onion thrips on seven cultivars and one soybean genotype were examined by Sedaratian et al. (2010). The results showed that the highest and the lowest population of thrips was observed on (Dpx and KS-3494 genotype) and on (L17 and Taller) respectively. This is not consistent with the results of the present study due to differences in the crop types studied. Kalafchi et al., (2002) examined the resistance of cultivars based on census of onion thrips population and evaluation of crop agronomic characteristics. These researchers evaluated nine onion varieties for damage. Red Azarshahr cultivar with the highest number of thrips and the highest damage to other cultivars was sensitive, and Sefid-Qom cultivar with the lowest number of thrips, was less contaminated. The results of this study are different from the results of recent studies due to differences in employed product and cultivars. The bean plant growth type has a significant effect on the resistance of the cultivars to the two spotted mite. Generalizing this result to the onion thrips needs to more researches. Compounds such as phytic acid, lectin and trypsin inhibitors can affect the biology of the onion thrips. This is similar to the results of the present study due to differences in populations studied as well as differences in yield and damage scale.
 
Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, Yaghut due to higher yield and Goli cultivars due to less damage scale priority for cultivation in the area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Loss assessment
  • Population changes
  • Thrips tabaci
  • Tolerance
  • Red Bean

مراجع

  1. Ahmadi, k., Ebadzadeh, H., Hoseinpoor, R., Hatami, F., Abdeshah, H., Kazemian, A., and Rafiei, M. 2018. Agricultural Statistics. The First Volume of Agriculture. Ministry of Agriculture Jihad. Office of Statistics and Information Technology. 87 p.
  2. Ashtari, S. 2021.The loss assessment of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) on five cultivars and one genotype of chiti bean. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 22067/ijpr.v12i1.84584. (verified 22 May 2021).
  3. Alabi, O.Y., Odebiyi, J.A., and Tamo, M. 2004. Effect of host plant resistance in some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ) cultivars on growth and developmental parameters of the flower bud thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom). Crop Protection 23: 83-88.
  4. Alavi, J. Thrips fauna in Bojnourd. M.Sc. Thesis. Ahvaz University, 132p. (In Persian with English Summary).
  5. Bagheri, A., Mahmudi, A.A., and Ghezeli, F. 2001. Common Beans. Research for Crop Improvement. Jihad-e-daneshgahi of Mashhad. 556 p. (In Persian with English Summary).
  6. Cardona, C., Feri, A., Bueno, J.M., Diaz, J., Gu, H., and Dorn, S. 2002. Resistance to Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in beans. Journal of Economic Entomology 95(5): 1066-1073.
  7. Diaz-Montano, J., Fuchs, M., Nault, B.A., Fail, J., and Shelton, A.M. 2011. Onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): A global pest of increasing concern in onion. Journal of Economic Entomology 104: 1-
  8. Duff, J., Healey, M., and Senior, L. 2015.Thrips incidence in green beans and the degree of damage caused. Acta Horticulture 1105: 19-26.
  9. Fail, J., and Penzes, B. 2001. Developing methods for testing the resistance of white cabbage against Thrips tabaci . Proceedings of the International Symposium on Thysanoptera 1118p.
  10. Fathi, S.A.A. 2014. Screening of the susceptibility of newly released genotypes of potato to thrips infestation under field conditions in northwest Iran. Crop Protection 62: 79-85.
  11. Fathi, S.A.A. 2017. Biodiversity of natural enemies of the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci on two green bean cultivars in Ardabil region. 1st International and 5st National Conference on Organic Conventional Agriculture. 1-5 p.
  12. Hazir, A., and Rifat, M. 2011. Population fluctuation of thrips species in nectarine orchards and damage level in east Mediterranean region of Turkey. Journal Entomology Research Society 14(1): 41- 52.
  13. Kalafchi, M., Ebadi, R., and Mobli, M. 2002. Study of population density and damage of onion thrips Thrips tabaci on onion populations in Isfahan. Proceedings of the 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Kermanshah, Iran. pp 68-69 (In Persian with English Summary).
  14. Karimi, A., Yarahmadi, F., and Mohseni Amin, A. 2019. Effects of bean plant density and its different cultivars on population of two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and onion thrips, Thrips tabaci in field conditions. Plant Pest Research 9(2): 39-48.
  15. Khanjani, M. 2004. Pests of Crop Plants of Iran. Bu Ali Sina University Press. 718 p. (In Persian with English Summary).
  16. Lima, P.F., Colombo, C.A., Chiorato, A.F., Yamaguchi, L.F., Kato, M.J., and Carbonell, S.A. 2014. Occurrence of isoflavonoids in Brazilian common bean germplasm Phaseolus vulgaris Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 62: 9699-9704.
  17. Mohiseni, A., and Kushki, M.H. 2016. The effect of planting pattern and plant density on the density and intensity of pest damage Tetranychus urticae koch on two red commom bean cultivars. Final Report Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center Boroujerd, Lorestan Campus. (In Persian with English Summary).
  18. Moundm, L.A., and Marullo, R. 1996. The Thrips of central and south America: An introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology International 6: 487.
  19. Roozbahani, M., Shakarami, J., Mohiseni, A.A., Kooshki, M.J., and Jafari, S.H. 2016.Investigation of resistance of ten red bean genotype to onion thrips in field conditions. Plant Pests Researches 6(3): 1-10. (In Persian with English Summary).
  20. Rui, S., Hua, W., Rui, G., Qin, L., Lei, P., Jianan, L., Zhihui, H., and Chanyou, C. 2016. The diversity of four anti-nutritional factors in common b Horticultural Plant Journal 2(2): 97-104.
  21. Saeidi, Z. 2011. Investigation of resistance of selected genotype from local Chit bean masses of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province to two spotted spider mites. Research Project Final Report. 36 p. (In Persian with English Summary).
  22. Saeidi, Z., and Rezvani, A. 2002.Investigation of bean thrips and economic importance of dominant species on local cultivars. Agricultural Documentation Center 11: 49-78. (In Persian with English Summary).
  23. Sedaratian, A., Fathipour, Y., Talebi, A.A., and Farahani, S. 2010. Population density and spatial distribution pattern of Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on different soybean varieties. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 12: 275-288. (In Persian with English Summary).
  24. Shiberu, T., Mahammed, A. 2014. The importance and management option of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (L.) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Ethiopia: A r Journal Horticulture 1: 107. doi:10.4172/horticulture.1000107.
  25. Shoeibi, M., Shayanmehr, M., and Modarres Najafabadi, S.S. 2016. Identification and introduction of thysanoptera of bean fields in Markazi province. Journal of Plant Protection 30(1): 163-151. (In Persian with English Summary).
  26. Trdan, S., Mileroj, L., Zezlina, I., Raspudic, E., Andjus, L., Vidrih, M., Bergant, K., Valic, N., and Zenidarcic, D. 2005. Feeding damage by onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on early white cabbage grown under insecticide-free conditions. African Entomology 13 (1): 85-95.
  27. Yadav, M., Prasad, R., Kumar, C.H., Kumar, P., and Kumar, U. 2018. A review on onion thrips and their management of bulb crops. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry SP1: 891-896.
  28. Yousefi, M., and Abbasifar, A.R. 2009. Evaluation of resistance to Thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) in improved Sefid-e-Khomein genotype and some other Iranian onion cultivars. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 25(4): 605-621. (In Persian with English Summary).
  29. Van Rijin, P.C., Mollema, J.C., and Stenhuis-Borers, G.M. 1995. Comparative life history studies of Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci on cucumber. Bulletin of Entomological Research 85:285-297.
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
CAPTCHA Image

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار