ارزیابی تنوع ژنوتیپی برای صفات مورفولوژیکی و زراعی برخی ژنوتیپ های نخود (Cicer arietinum)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه پیام نور لرستان

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان

چکیده

نخود (Cicer arietinum) خود گرده افشان می باشد با تعداد کروموزم (16x=2n=2) که به عنوان مهمترین منبع پروتئین گیاهی در جهان شناخته شده است. پانزده ژنوتیپ نخود برای پارامترهای مختلف عملکرد در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط مزرعه ارزیابی شدند. در این تحقیق صفاتی مانند ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه اولیه، تعداد شاخه ثانویه، تعداد کل غلاف در بوته، تعداد گره در ساقه، تعداد غلاف تک بذر، تعداد غلاف دو بذر، تعداد غلاف پوک، وزن دانه با پوسته غلاف، وزن دانه تک بوته، وزن صد دانه، وزن کل دانه با کاه، تعداد غلاف بارور، تعداد دانه در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن خشک ساقه تک بوته، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد کاه، شاخص برداشت و تلاش زاد آوری ارزیابی شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس تغییرات بسیار معنی داری بین ژنوتیپ ها برای صفات وزن دانه در هر بوته، وزن صد دانه و تعداد غلاف در هر بوته نشان دادند. بر اساس نتایج مقایسه میانگین مشخص شد که ژنوتیپ های 8 G،9G،1G و6G به ترتیب دارای بالاترین عملکرد دانه هستند. نتایج همبستگی ساده، رگرسیون گام به گام و تجزیه علیت نشان داد که وزن صد دانه، وزن غلاف (دانه + پوسته) و تعداد غلاف تک بذر بیشترین تاثیر را روی عملکرد بذر دارند. می توان نتیجه گیری کرد که ژنوتیپ های 8 Gو9G از نظر عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیکی بهترین هستند. همچنین وزن غلاف (بذر + پوسته) ، وزن صد دانه و تعداد غلاف تک بذر شاخص های مناسبی برای عملکرد دانه بهتر در نخود می باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Genetic Variation for Agronomic and Morphological Traits in Some of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Genotypes

نویسندگان [English]

  • soheila afkar 1
  • Payam pezeshkpour 2
1 Payame Noor University of Lorestan
2 Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Cente
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a winter crop and mostly self-pollinated with chromosome number 2n=2x=16 that it is known as an important source of vegetable protein in the world. It is found that 70% of the total world’s Chickpea production belong to the Asian region. India, Turkey, Pakistan, and Iran are the major countries in Asia that produce chickpea. Iran is important center of chickpea diversity but the productivity of chickpea in Iran is variable and low, which may be related to limiting climatic factors, water availability, genotype and little breeding work in Iranian chickpea cultivars. Presence of genetic diversity among genotypes indicate the genotypes are a valuable resource to increase product quality and productivity. Analysis of genetic diversity can provide practical information for selection of parental material in plant breeding programs and gene-bank management. The objectives of this study were to evaluate genetic variation among chickpea genotypes and to determine the relationships among agronomic traits with seed yield using analysis of variance, comparison of means, correlation coefficient, step-wise regression and path analysis. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the city of Khorramabad 2014-2015, in latitude 33 degrees 36 minutes north and longitude 47 degrees and 40 minutes east of the Greenwich meridian is located. Its height from sea level is 1200 meters. Fifteen chickpea genotypes were supplied from Dry land Agricultural Research Institute, Iran and studied for various yield parameters under field conditions in a randomized complete block design with three replications. in present study 21 morphological characteristics such as plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of total pod per plant, number of node per stem, number of one-seed pod, number of two-seed pod, number of empty pod per plant, pod weight (seed+shell), seed weight per plant, 100- seed weight, number of filled pod, seed yield, number of seed per pod, number of seed per plant, biological yield, straw yield, harvest index, total seed weight (seed+straw), dry weight of stem and productivity effort were evaluated. Results: The analysis of variance showed highly significant variations (

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cicer arietinum
  • Genetic variation
  • Seed yield
  • Morphological characterization
  • Path analysis

مراجع

منابع
1. Aggarwal, H., Rao, A., Singh, J., Rana, J.S., Naik, P.K., and Chhokar, V. 2015. Assessment of genetic diversity among 125 cultivars chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) of Indian origin using ISSR markers. Turkish Journal of Botany 39: 218-226.
2. Ahmad, Z., Mumtaz, A.S., Nisar, M., and Khan, N. 2012. Diversity analysis of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm and its implications for conservation and crop breeding. Agriculture Sciences 3 (5): 723-731.
3. Aliu, S., Kaul, H.P., Rusinovci, I., ShalaMayrhofer, V., Fetahu, S., and Zeka, D. 2016. Genetic diversity for some nutritive traits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) from different regions in Kosova. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 21 (1): 156-161.
4. Babaie Zarch, M.J., Fotokian, M.H., and Mahmoodi, S. 2013. Evaluation of genetic diversity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) genotypes for morphological traits using multivariate analysis methods. Journal of Crop Breeding 5 (12): 85-98. (In Persian with English Summary).
5. Backouchi, I.Z., Aouida, M., Khemiri, N., and Jebara, M. 2015. Genetic diversity in Tunisian populations of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) based on morphological traits and molecular markers. Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (3): 7587-7596.
6. Bakhshipour, S., Gazanchian, A., Mohaddesi, A., Rahimsouroush, H., and Nasiri, M. 2013. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations between grai yield and some agronomic traits in promising rice lines. Agronomy Journal (Pajohesh & Sazandegi) 97: 82-90. (In Persian with English Summary).
7. Chegamirza, Sh., Chegamirza, K., and Mohammadi, R. 2012. Study of genetic variation in cultivars and landraces of chickpea based on agronomic traits in dryland conditions. Journal of Dry Farming 1 (1): 108-119. (In Persian).
8. Dashtaki, M., Bihamta, M.R., and Mohammad Ali Pour Yamchi, H. 2012. Evaluation of genetic diversity and morphological traits of Kabuli and Desi chickpea germplasm. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 3 (1): 7-16. (In Persian with English Summary).
9. Ebrahimi, P., Farshadfar, E., and Farshadfar, M. 2011. Relationships between agronomic and physiologic traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) lines in normal and drought tension conditions. 5th National Conference on New Ideas in Agriculture, February 16-17, 2011. Islamic Azad University Branch of Kermanshah. (In Persian with English Summary).
10. Fazeli, F., and Chegamirza, K. 2011. Genetic Variation in Iranian Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. Kabuli Type) Based on Agronomic Traits and RAPD Marker. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 4: 555-579. (In Persian with English Summary).
11. Ghaffari, P., Talebi, R., and Keshavarzi, F. 2014. Genetic diversity and geographical differentiation of Iranian landrace, cultivars and exotic chickpea lines as revealed by morphological and microsatellite markers. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 20 (2): 225-233.
12. Hajibarat, Z., Saidi, A., Hajibarat, Z., and Talebi, R. 2014. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of landrace and improved chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes using morphological and microsatellite markers. Environmental and Experimental Biology 12: 161-166.
13. Keshavarznia, R., Mohammadi Nargesi, B., and Abbasi, A.R. 2013. The study of genetic variation of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) based on morphological traits under normal and stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 44 (2): 305-315. (In Persian with English Summary).
14. Mallu, T.S., Mwangi, S.G., Nyende, A.B., Ganga Rao, N.V.P.R., Odeny, D.A., Rathore, A., and Kumar, A. 2014. Assessment of genetic variation and heritability of agronomic traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research 5 (4): 76-88.
15. Mirzaei Heidari, M., Maleki, A., Tahmasebi, A., and Fazel, S.H. 2011. Effect of plant density on yield and yield components of dryland chickpea cultivars under autumn and spring sowing in Ilam. Journal of Research in Crop Sciences 3(12): 41-56. (In Persian with English Summary).
16. Mohammadi, K., and Talebi, R. 2015. Interrelationships and genetic analysis of seed yield and morphological traits in mini core collection of Iranian landrace, breeding lines and improved chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars. Genetika 47(2): 383-393.
17. Motavassel, H. 2013. Grouping phonological and morphological characteristics of chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.) Ardebil region using cluster analysis and detection function. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences 2(23): 1091-1094.
18. Naghavi, M.R., Rashidi Monfared, S., and Humberto, G. 2012. Genetic diversity in Iranian chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) landraces as revealed by microsatellite markers. Czecg Journal Genetics and Plant Breeding 48(3): 131-138.
19. Naroui Rad, M.R., Aghaei, M.J., Fanaei, H.R., and Ghasemi, M.M. 2008. The study of genetic variation of some morphologic and phenologic characters in lentil germplasms of warm and dry regions. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 78: 173-181. (In Persian with English Summary).
20. Nasri, R., Heidari Moghadam, A., Siadat, A.A., Paknejad, F., and Sadeghi Shoae, M. 2012. Path analysis of traits correlation and supplemental irrigation on yield and yield components of chickpea in Ilam. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 8(2): 161-172. (In Persian with English Summary).
21. Nisar, M., Ghafoor, A., Rashid Khan, M., Ahmad, H., Qureshi, A.S., and Ali, Haidar. 2007. Genetic diversity and geographic relationship among local and exotic chickpea germplasm. Pakistan Journal of Botany 39(5): 1575-1581.
22. Ramanappa, T.M., Chandrashekara, K., and Nuthan, D. 2013. Analysis of variability for economically important traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L). International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences 1(3): 133-140.
23. Rezaeian Zadeh, E., Parsa, M., Ganjali, A., and Nezami, A. 2011. Responses of yield and yield components of chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.) to supplemental irrigation in different phenology stages. Journal of Water and Soil 25 (5): 1080-1095. (In Persian with English Summary).
24. Saleem, M., Tahir, H.N., Kabir, R., Javid, M., and Shahzad, K. 2002. Interrelationships and path analysis of yield attributes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 4 (3): 404-406.
25. Tesfamichael, S.M., Githiri, S.M., Nyende, A.B., and Rao, N.V.P.R. 2015. Variation for agro-morphological traits among Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes. Journal of Agricultural 7(7): 75-92.
26. Vaghar, M.S., Nourmohamadi, Gh., Shamsi, K., Pazki, A.R., and Kebraee, S. 2010. Effect of sowing time on yield and yield components of dryfarming chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Kermanshah region. Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 5(1): 1-18 (In Persian with English Summary).
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
CAPTCHA Image

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار