اثر زمان و آرایش کاشت و محلول‌پاشی بور بر عملکرد دانه لوبیای محلی (پاچ‌باقلا) (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) در استان گیلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

صالح حسن زاده ¹

مسعود اصفهانی ¹

علی اعلمی ²

¹ گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

² گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

10.22067/ijpr.2025.92223.1107

چکیده

با توجه به اهمیت لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) به‌عنوان یک منبع غذایی غنی از پروتئین و سابقه طولانی تولید این محصول در استان گیلان، تحقیق درباره روش‌های مناسب کاشت و راهکارهای افزایش عملکرد، ضروری به نظر می­رسد. به این منظور، آزمایشی به‏صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در بهار و تابستان سال 1402 در بخش رودبنه شهرستان لاهیجان، استان گیلان اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل آرایش کاشت در سه سطح، آرایش مستطیل (31×20 سانتی­متر)، لوزی (27×23 سانتی­متر) و مربع (25×25 سانتی­متر) با تراکم ثابت (حدود 16 بوته در مترمربع) و محلول­پاشی بور با غلظت 1/0 درصد و عدم مصرف بور بودند که طی دو آزمایش مجزا در تاریخ‌های پنج اردیبهشت (بهار) و هفت شهریور (تابستان) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که عملکرد دانه در زمان کاشت بهار با میانگین 3/348 گرم بر مترمربع نسبت به زمان کاشت تابستان با میانگین 0/204 گرم بر مترمربع، برتری معنی­داری داشت (41 درصد افزایش). محلول­پاشی بور نیز با میانگین 9/307 گرم بر مترمربع نسبت به عدم مصرف بور با میانگین 5/244 گرم بر مترمربع، اثر معنی­داری در افزایش عملکرد دانه داشت (20 درصد افزایش)، ولی تیمارهای آرایش کاشت بر عملکرد دانه اثر معنی‌داری نداشتند. میانگین اجزای عملکرد دانه شامل تعداد غلاف در بوته و وزن 100 دانه در زمان کاشت بهار به‏ترتیب 6/15 غلاف و 8/42 گرم بودند که نسبت به زمان کاشت تابستان به‌ترتیب 37 و شش درصد افزایش داشتند و اثر محلول‌پاشی بور نیز با میانگین‌های 8/13 غلاف در بوته و وزن 100 دانه 6/42 گرم نسبت به عدم مصرف بور به‌ترتیب 16 و 5 درصد برتری داشتند. در آرایش کاشت مربع با میانگین 8/41 گرم، نسبت به آرایش‌های لوزی و مستطیل، وزن 100 دانه بیشتری حاصل شد. براساس نتایج آزمایش حاضر، کشت لوبیای محلی استان گیلان (پاچ‌باقلا) در فصل بهار، با آرایش کاشت مربع و محلول‌پاشی برگی بور نسبت به کاشت در تابستان و آرایش کاشت مستطیل و لوزی از نظر عملکرد دانه و سایر صفات و شاخص‌های رشد، برتری داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

محتوای پروتئین دانه

تاریخ کاشت

لوبیای معمولی

مواد مغذی

وزن 100 دانه

موضوعات

• زراعت

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عنوان مقاله English

Effect of Sowing Date, Planting Pattern and Foliar Application of Boron on Seed Yield of Local Beans (Pachbaghela) (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Guilan Province, Iran

نویسندگان English

Saleh Hassanzadeh ¹

Masoud Esfahani ¹

Ali Aalami ²

¹ Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

² Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

چکیده English

Introduction
Legumes are the second most important source of human food after cereals and are considered the primary source of plant protein due to their high protein content. In addition to providing food for humans and livestock, legumes enhance the fertility of agricultural soils when grown in rotation with other crops, owing to their symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legume used for direct human consumption. Achieving high seed yield is one of the main goals of cultivating this plant, and appropriate agronomic management practices-such as determining the sowing date, row spacing, plant spacing, and providing essential nutrients-result in high biological and economic performance. Therefore, in this experiment, to find solutions to increase the yield of local beans in Guilan province, the appropriate sowing date, sowing pattern, and the effect of boron foliar application on bean growth and yield were investigated.
 
Materials and Methods
This research was conducted as a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications during the spring and summer of 2023 in the Rudbaneh section of Lahijan, Iran. The factors examined in this experiment included sowing patterns at three levels: rectangle pattern (20×31 cm), rhombus pattern (23×27 cm), and square pattern (25×25 cm), with a constant density of approximately 16 plants per square meter. Additionally, foliar application of boron at a concentration of 0.1% was compared to no boron application. These factors were evaluated in two experiments conducted on April 25^th (spring) and August 29^th (summer).
 
Results and Discussion
The results of the combined variance analysis showed that the effect of the sowing date was significant on all tested traits except for seed protein content. These traits included plant height, number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant, percentage of fertile pods, 100-seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, seed formation rate, seed filling rate, yield formation rate, and vegetative growth rate. In contrast, sowing pattern treatments significantly affected only plant height, the number of secondary branches, and 100-seed weight, with no significant impact on the other measured traits. In comparison, boron foliar application had a significant effect on a wide range of traits, including plant height, number of pods per plant, percentage of fertile pods, 100-seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, seed formation rate, seed filling rate, yield formation rate, vegetative growth rate, and seed protein content. The results showed that seed yield at the spring sowing date averaged 348.3 g.m^-2, which was significantly higher than the summer sowing date average of 204.0 g.m^-2 (a 41% increase). Boron foliar application also significantly increased seed yield, with an average of 307.9 g.m^-2 compared to 244.5 g.m^-2 without boron (a 20% increase). However, sowing patterns had no significant effect on seed yield. The components of seed yield, including the number of pods per plant and 100-seed weight, were higher at the spring sowing date, with averages of 15.6 pods and 42.8 g, respectively. These values represented increases of 37% and 6%, respectively, compared to the summer sowing date. Boron foliar application also resulted in a 16% increase in the number of pods per plant and a 5% increase in 100-seed weight, with averages of 13.8 pods and 42.6 g, respectively, compared to no boron application. Additionally, the square sowing pattern achieved a higher 100-seed weight, averaging 41.8 g, compared to the rhombus and rectangle sowing patterns.
 
Conclusions
Based on the results of this experiment, sowing local beans of Guilan in the spring season, using the square sowing pattern, and applying boron foliar application were superior in terms of seed yield and growth indices compared to the summer sowing date, rectangle, and rhombus planting patterns, and no boron application.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

100-seed weight

Common bean

Nutrients

Protein content of seed

Sowing date

Authors retain the copyright. This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

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