اثر سطوح آبیاری و نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) در شرایط آب و هوایی مشهد

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مجتمع آموزش عالی سراوان

2 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران

چکیده

به‌منظور مطالعه اثر سطوح مختلف آبیاری و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود (ژنوتیپ482ILC)، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 91-1390 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه سطح نیتروژن 30، 75 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌صورت کود اوره و آبیاری در سه سطح: آبیاری کامل، یکبار آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و دو مرتبه آبیاری در مراحل گلدهی و غلاف‌دهی بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، شاخص برداشت، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد غلاف در بوته و تعداد دانه در غلاف بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که سطوح مختلف آبیاری و کود نیتروژن تأثیر معنی‌داری بر تعداد دانه در غلاف، غلاف در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی و شاخص برداشت داشتند. اثر متقابل آبیاری و کود نیتروژن به‌جز شاخص برداشت در تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه معنی‌دار بود. در این بررسی تیمار آبیاری کامل + 75 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها باعث افزایش معنی‌دار کلیه صفات (به‌جز عملکرد بیولوژیکی) شد. همچنین یکبار آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی به‌همراه 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار باعث کاهش معنی‌دار کلیه صفات مورد مطالعه شد. تیمار آبیاری کامل و 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیکی (9/8 تن در هکتار) را داشت، در حالی‌که عملکرد دانه آن 1854 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. بنابراین حفظ رطوبت طی دوران بحرانی رشد نخود و کاربرد سطوح متعادل تغذیه‌ای به‌ویژه نیتروژن در سطوح 30 و 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار باعث افزایش عملکرد نخود خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Mashhad climatic conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • seyedreza amiri 1
  • mahdi parsa 2
  • mohammad bannayan 2
  • mahdi Nassiri Mahallati 2
  • reza deihimfard 3
1 Higher Educational Complex of Saravan
2 Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effects of different irrigation regimes and nitrogen fertilizer levels on yield and yield components of chickpea (ILC482), a field experiment involving chickpea genotype ILC482 was conducted as factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with four replications in the Agricultural Research Station, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during growing season of 2012-2013. Experimental treatments were including nitrogen fertilizer (as urea) at three levels: 30, 75, 150 kg N ha-1 and irrigation regimes at three levels: full irrigation, irrigation at flowering, irrigations at both flowering and podding. Studied traits were included seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, 1000- seed weight, seeds per pod, pods per plant. The results showed that the different irrigation regimes and nitrogen fertilizer levels had significant effect on seeds per pod, pods per plant, 1000- seed weight, seed weight per plant, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index. Interaction between irrigation and nitrogen was significant except for harvest index. In this study, the highest values of the traits (except for biological yield) were obtained under full irrigation along with 75 kg N ha-1. In addition, applying irrigation at flowering accompanied with 150 kg N ha-1 decreased yield and its components. Full irrigation plus 150 kg N ha-1 produced highest (8.9 t ha-1) biological yield, while grain yield was 1854 kg ha-1. Overall, full irrigation along with nutritive optimal levels, especially nitrogen at 30 and 75 kg ha-1 levels, during critical growth periods of chickpea could increase grain yield of chickpea.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological yield
  • Critical period
  • Flowering
  • Harvest index
  • Moisture

مراجع

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