The yield and Physiological Traits of Two Red Bean Cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris) under the Influence of Management and Genotypic Factors

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorram Abad, Iran

2 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

10.22067/ijpr.2024.84287.1065

Abstract

Introduction
Pulses, including red beans, constitute a significant protein source in human nutrition. Beans exhibit symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. In recent years, the growing concern for the nutritional quality of products derived from diverse agricultural systems, particularly in relation to chemical fertilizers and their impact on human health and the environment, has prompted the adoption of sustainable agriculture practices. Beans, being water-intensive plants, are susceptible to dehydration. Consequently, this research, driven by persistent drought occurrences, diminishing groundwater levels, the deleterious effects of chemical fertilizers on agricultural lands, and escalating fertilizer costs, as well as the availability of various cultivars of red beans, has advocated for the implementation of drip irrigation, biological fertilizers, and the cultivation of new bean varieties with enhanced seed yields.
 
Materials and Methods
This experiment was conducted in the years 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 under farm conditions in Aligudarz city, using a 3-replicate split-plot factorial RCBD. The primary factors examined were irrigation methods (furrow and drip), while cultivars (Akhtar and Yaghout) and fertilizers (NPK applied according to the bean fertilizer table, application of biochemical fertilizer, and pure nitrogen application at 30 kg during the three-leaf and five-leaf stages) served as secondary factors. The dimensions of each plot were 6 meters in length and 2.5 meters in width and included 5 rows of planting. weed and pest and disease control were carried out. The traits of the efficiency of remobilization of dry matter to the seed, the share of seed yield from remobilization of plant dry matter and the share of seed yield from plant current photosynthesis, the capacity to accumulate photosynthetic materials and seed yield evaluated and measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using the GLM procedure in SAS. The least significant difference test (LSD) was used to assess the significance of differences in treatment means at the 5 percent probability level.
 
Results and Discussion
The highest efficiency of remobilization dry matter to seeds in this experiment was of Yaghout cultivar using NPK fertilizer in 2019, which due to the longer vegetative growth and more leaves, led to more photosynthesis and the conditions for producing more reproductive organs. As a result, The highest efficiency of remobilization of dry matter (22%) during the growth period, compared to Akhtar variety (9%) had the highest efficiency of remobilization of dry matter to the seeds. In this experiment the highest and lowest efficiency of remobilization of dry matter to seed was with the use of furrow irrigation in 2019 and the use of drip irrigation in 2020. Also, in each of the irrigation methods, the efficiency of remobilization of dry matter to the seed in 2019 was significantly higher than in 2020. The difference in years from the point of view of this attribute should be considered due to the difference in atmospheric parameters in these two years. Remobilization of dry matter to seed and current photosynthesis of the plant are two important components of the final yield of the plant, and investigating their role as components of seed yield is one of the goals of this experiment. The highest share of seed yield was obtained from remobilization of plant dry matter from the Yaghout cultivar and with the application of NPK fertilizer in 2019 (39.69%) and in 2020 (34.3%). However, the highest share of seed yield from current photosynthesis was assigned to the Yaghout cultivar with the use of NPK fertilizer in both years of the experiment. The share of seed yield from current photosynthesis of the plant is the result of the remobilization of dry matter to the seed as well as the current photosynthesis of the plant. The highest capacity to accumulate photosynthetic materials was obtained in Yaghout cultivar under drip irrigation. while the lowest amount was observed in the Akhtar cultivar with furrow irrigation. Akhtar and Yaghout cultivars in drip irrigation showed capacity to accumulate photosynthetic materials more than furrow irrigation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the physiological parameter of capacity to accumulate photosynthetic materials had the most significant correlation with seed yield in this experiment. The highest seed yield was obtained from the Yaghout cultivar with the application of bio-chemical fertilizers, and the lowest seed yield was of Akhtar cultivar with the application NPK fertilizer. Moreover, the correlation between the variables suggests that the high capacity for assimilating substances in the storage of seeds is the most critical factor influencing the increase in seed yield per unit area.
 
Conclusions
Correlation coefficients between traits showed that seed yield had the most positive and significant correlation with the share of seed yield from current photosynthesis of the plant and the accumulation capacity of photosynthetic materials. In other words, the two-year results of this experiment showed that the seed yield is mainly the final result of the current photosynthesis of the plant and the capacity for material accumulation in the seeds. Considering the persistent challenges of drought, significant depletion of groundwater, and the escalating costs of chemical fertilizers in recent years, coupled with their adverse impacts on agricultural soils, alongside the genotypic diversity of red beans, there exists a potential to markedly enhance seed yield. This can be achieved by reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers and adopting a combination of biochemical fertilizers and the drip irrigation method in conjunction with the use of genetically modified cultivars of red beans. Strengthening these physiological components emerges as a key pathway to realizing this improvement.

Keywords


©2024 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Abalos, D., Sanchez-Martin, L., Garcia-Torres, L., Van Groenigen, J.W., & Vallejo, A. (2014). Management of irrigation frequency and nitrogen fertilization to mitigate GHG and No emissions from drip-fertigation crops. The Science of the Total Environment, 490, 880-888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.065
Bahrani, A., Heideri Sharif Abad, H., Tahmasebi Sarvestani, Z., Moafporian, G., & Ayenehband, A. (2009). Wheat (Triticum astivum L.) response to nitrogen and post-anthesis water deficit. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 6(2), 231-239.
 Barlog, P., & Grzebisz, W. (2004). Effect of timing and nitrogen fertilizer application on winter oil seed rape (Brassica napus L.) I. growth dynamics and seed yield. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 190, 305-313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2004.00109.x
Darabi, F., Sharifipour, M., & Nasrolahi, A.H. (2022). Effect of deficit irrigation on yield components and water productivity of pinto beans using drip tape irrigation in Khorramabad climatic. Journal of Irrigation Sciences and Engineering, 44(4), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.22055/jise.2020.31391.1885
Dashtaki, M., Ali­Pour Yamchi, H.M., & Bihamta, M.R. (2015). Evaluation of the effects of late season water stress on genotypes of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 6(2), 109-122. (In Persian with English Abstract)
Durand, M., Porcheron, B., Hennion, N., Maurousset, L., Lemoine, R., & pourtau, N. (2016). Water deficit enhances C export to the roots in Arabidopsis thaliana plants with contribution of sucrose transporters in both shoot and roots. Journal of Plant Physiology, 170(1), 1460-1479. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.01926
Dursun, A. (2007). Variability, heritability and correlation studies in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3(1), 12-16.
Farid, M., Hugh, J.E., & Navabi, A. (2016). Yield stability of dry bean genotypes across nitrogen-fixation-dependent and fertilizer-dependent management systems. Journal of Crop Science, 56(1), 173-182. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2015.06.0343
Gardenas, A.I., Hopmans, J.W., Hanson, B.R., & Simunek, J. (2005). Two-dimensional modeling of nitrate leaching for various fertigation scenarios under micro-irrigation. Jornal of Agricultural Water Management, 74(3), 219-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.11.011
Ghadami Firouzabadi, A., & Baghani, J. (2019). Effects of different wheat planting patterns in drip tape irrigation on yield and water productivity of bread wheat in Hamedan. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 13(2), 528-539. (In Persian)
Hokmalipour, S., & Seyed Sharifi, R. (2015). Effect of seed inoculation with plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria on dry matter remobilization of spring barley at different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Jornal of Soil Research, 29(4), 126-407. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22092/ijsr.2015.105901.
Kavian Athar, N., & Aboutalebian,  M.A. (2020). Quantitative and qualitative reaction of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to phosphorous and zinc sulfate application method under different rates of nitrogen starter fertilize. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 51(3), 17-32. (In Persian with English Abstract). https://doi.org/ 10.22059/ijfcs.2019.249549.654430
Khavari, H., Khorgamy, A., Mir Drikvand, R., & Taleshi, K. (2023). The compression effect of nutrition and chemicals agricultural poisons management on grows and grain yield of red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars in farm conditions. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 14(1), 75-91. (In Persian). https://doi.org/ 10.22067/ijpr.v14i1.2208-1044
Khavari, H., & Shakarami, G. (2019). Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal and Azotobacter chroococcum on growth and yield of red bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Scientific Research Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 38(11), 119-131. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Limuchi, K., Yarnia, M., Siadat, A., Rashidi V., & Gyalani, A. (2019). Evaluation of the effect of current assimilation on aerobic rice grain yield under different irrigation intervals in the northern region of Khuzestan. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 33(1), 67-79.  https://doi.org/10.22092/jwra.2019.119115
Majdam, M., Naderi, A., Nourmohammadi, K., Siadat, S.A., & Adineband, A. (2009). Effect of water deficit stress and nitrogen management on grain yield, dry matter remobilization and current photosynthesis of corn in climate conditions in Khuzestan (Ramin). Journal Crop Physiology, 1(1), 86-95. (In Persian).
Maleki, N., Shakeri Bostanabad, R., Salehi Komroudi, M., & Seyedabadi, S. (2021). Investigating the status of the combined water security index of Iranian provinces in the period of 2012-2017: Application of multi- criteria analysis methods. Journal of Water and Sustainable Development, 8(2), 21-32.
Mansour Ghanaei Pashaki, K., Mohsenabadi, G., Majidian, M., & Fallah Nosratabad, A.R. (2017). Effect of application of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic fertilizers on yield and yield components of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Lahijan, Northern Iran. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 6(22), 47-60. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jcpp.6.22.47.
Mehrpouyan, M., Farboodi, M., Ajali, J., Davoodi, F., & Jafari, A. (2013). Effect of different irrigation and planting methods on water use efficiency and some seed yield characteristics in three pinto common bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Agroecology Journal, 9(3), 73-83. (In Persian)
Mohd Zain, N.A., & Razi-Ismail, M. (2016). Effects of potassium rates and types on growth, leaf gas exchange and biochemical changes in rice (Oryza sativa) planted under cyclic water stress. Agricultural Water Management Journal, 164(1), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.09.022
Mondani, F., & Jalilian, A. (2019). Evaluation of the interaction between sowing date and cultivar on different tTraits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Kermanshah climate conditions. Plant Production Technology, 19(1), 37-51. (In Persian with English Abstract). https://doi.org/10.22084/ppt.2018.9470.1533
Pasban, F., Balochi, H., Yadavi, A., Salehi, A., & Attarzadeh, M. (2015). The role of organic and biological fertilizers in qualitative and quantitative yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) cv. Williams. Journal of Science of Agriculture and Sustainable Production, 25(3), 137-149. (In Persian with English Abstract)
Pourhadian, H., Kazem Aslani, H., Hadavand, N., & Khalili, M. (2014). Comparison of different varieties of red beans in terms of vegetative, reproductive and physiological traits in spring cultivation of Azna city. Final Report of the Research Project. Payam Noor university. Lorestan Province, Iran. 56p. (In Persian)
Pouradian, H., Hadavand, N., Khalili, M., & Kazem Aslani, H. (2022). Evaluation of growth indices, yield, and yield components of red bean cultivars in cold climatic conditions. Iranian Journal of Plant Production and Genetics, 3(1), 133-146. (In Persian with English Abstract). https://doi.org/10.34785/J020.2022.120
Rendon-Anaya, M., Herrera-Estrella, A., Gepts, P., & Delgado-Salinas, A. (2017). A new species of Phaseolus (Leguminosae, Papilionoidea) sister to Phaseolus vulgaris, the common bean. Journal of Phytotaxa, 313(3), 259-266. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.313.3.3
Rose, D.C., Sutherland, W.J., Barnes, A.P., Borthwick, F., Foulkes, C., Hall, C., Moorby, J.M., Nicholas-Davies, P., Twining S., & Dicks. L.V. (2019). Integrated farm management for sustainable agriculture: Lessons for knowledge exchange and policy. Jornal of Land Use Policy, 81, 834-842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.11.001
Saberi, H., Mosenabadi, Gh., Majidian, M., & Ehteshami, S.M. (2015). Integrated application of biological and chemical fertilizers on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Rasht climate conditions. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 6(1), 21-31. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Sajedi, N.A.,  Madani, H.,  Habibi, D., &  Pazoki, A. (2012). Investigating the effect of selenium and salicylic acid on remobilization, current photosynthesis and seed yield of wheat cultivars under dry conditions. Journal of Crop Production under Environmental Stress Conditions, 4(1), 1-14. (In Persian with English Abstract).
Sarikhani, M.R., Oustan, S., Ebrahimi, M., & Asghar zadeh, N.A. (2018). Isolation and identification of potassium‐releasing bacteria in soil and assessment of their ability to release potassium for plants. European Journal of Soil Science, 69(6), 1078-1086. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12708
Soheili Movahhed, S., Khomari, S., Sheikhzadeh, P., & Alizadeh, B. (2020). Evaluation of yield and yield components of some pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes under late season water deficit conditions. Journal of Agroecology, 11(4), 1275-1291. (In Persian with English Abstract). https://doi.org/10.22067/jag.v11i4.72028
Tabatabaei, S.S., Jahan, M., & Hajmohammadnia Ghalibaf, K. (2020). The Effect of biological and nitrogen chemical fertilizers on yield and yield component of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under water stress conditions. Journal of Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 13(1), 145-154. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22077/escs.2019.1807.1434
Yonts, C.D., Haghverdi, A., Reichert, D.L., & Irmak, S. (2018). Deficit irrigation and surface residue cover effects on dry bean yield, in-season soil water content and irrigation water use efficiency in western Nebraska high plains. Agricultural Water Management, 199, 138-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.12.024
Zaidi, A., Khan, M.S., Saif, S., Rizvi, A.B., & Shahid, M. (2017). Role of nitrogen-fixing plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria in sustainable production of vegetables: Current perspective. In Microbial Strategies for Vegetable Production. Springer International Publishing. pp. 49-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54401-4_3.
CAPTCHA Image
  • Receive Date: 12 October 2023
  • Revise Date: 17 January 2024
  • Accept Date: 28 January 2024
  • First Publish Date: 03 November 2024