Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Assistant Professor, Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Recourses Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Zanjan
2
Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Zanjan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREOO), Zanjan, Iran.
10.22067/ijpr.2024.86391.1079
Abstract
Introduction
Due to the fact that successive droughts, especially recent droughts, have affected most regions of Iran, drought stress is known as one of the challenges of crop production in arid and semi-arid regions of the country. Beans grow in a wide range of areas that are subject to seasonal droughts and wide fluctuations in soil moisture in different years. Nevertheless, drought stress causes a significant decrease in bean seed yield, and the amount of yield decrease is different depending on the time, stress intensity and studied genotype. Despite the desire of farmers to maximize the use of irrigation to increase production in dry and semi-arid conditions, even in the absence of water restrictions, excessive irrigation is not logical; therefore, in such a situation, the efficiency of water consumption in the farm should be optimized. Deficit irrigation is an optimization strategy that purposefully allows the plant to tolerate some degree of deficit irrigation and reduced yield. In this regard, in this research, it has been tried to evaluate the effects of drought stress on yield and yield components in 16 genotypes and cultivars of chiti beans and determine the genotypes with optimal yield under water limitation conditions
.
Materials and Methods
In order to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on some phenological and yield traits of chiti beans, 14 promising chiti bean genotypes obtained from breeding programs along with Sadri and Kosha control cultivars, in two consecutive crop years from 2022 to 2023, at Kheirabad Zanjan Research Station, in two conditions normal irrigation (irrigation cycle of 5 days) and deficit irrigation (irrigation cycle of 9 days) were investigated. The experiment was cultivated in both conditions and in both years, as basic of complete randomized blocks design with 3 replications. Combined variance analysis and mean comparisons were performed on the data and finally, simple correlation coefficients between traits and stepwise regression analysis of traits affecting grain yield in both irrigation conditions were calculated.
Results and Discussion
Variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the 5 and 9 day irrigation cycles in the number of plants per plot and the number of pods per plant at the 1% level, and in the plant height and yield at the 5% level. There was significant difference between genotypes in terms of all the studied traits (except the number of plants in plot) at the probability level of 1%. Irrigation cycle of 9 days decreased plant height, seed yield and its components including number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100 grain weight. G8, G10, G14 and G15 genotypes had the highest and G13 and G2 genotypes had the lowest seed yield. Correlation analysis showed that in irrigation cycles of 5 and 9 days, there is the highest relationship between seed yield and the number of pods per plant. On the other hand, in the 5-day irrigation cycle, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, and the 100 grain weight, and in the 9-day irrigation cycle, only the number of pods per plant were included in the regression model and had the greatest impact on seed yield.
Conclusions
The number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod and the 100 grain are considered the most important components affecting seed yield and by justifying the large amount of changes in seed yield, they can be used as important traits to improve bean yield in breeding programs in different conditions. Therefore, G8 genotype with the highest number of pods per plant and high weight of 100 seeds can be introduced as a favorable genotype for cultivation in dry conditions.
Keywords
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