Document Type : Original Articles
Authors
1
Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2
Department of Legumes, Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Abstract
Introduction
Human as the greatest utilization of land resources without posterity note with the aim being to further develop the standard of living, and ultimately increase the health of the population is taken. So that in 2025 the world population will reach over 8.3 billion people. Since the 1950s, the process was accelerated population growth, Agriculture provides food and supplies to people. The use of chemical fertilizers also as an agent to increase the amount of spread. Accordingly, applying the methods of sustainable agriculture and ecological agriculture to lead the world is required (Kochaki et al., 2005). Many studies suggest that the issue of excessive use of chemical fertilizers, crop yield has been faced with a significant drop (Khaje Hosseini & Koocheki, 2008). The reason for this decline is attributable to the lack of balance acidity of the soil; reduce soil biological activity, physico-chemical properties of soil loss (Kaushik & Garg, 2003; Adediran et al., 2004). Loss of biodiversity and groundwater and surface water (Brar et al., 2008) pollution and climate change cited. The use of biofertilizers in addition to economic benefits reduces environmental pollution, reduce production costs and improve product quality implications (Aseri et al., 2008). In addition legume plants are an important source of plant protein, which is important for low-income community. The positive effects of bio-fertilizers, especially in the root zone is the maintenance of water and food. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on root and shoot characteristics pinto bean cultivars is COS16 and 21676.
Materials & Methods
In order to evaluate the effect of biofertilizers on root characteristics of two varieties of beans, an experiment was conducted on factorial arrangement base on completely randomized design with three replications as in research greenhouses College of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2014. In this test we used pots was filled 1:1:1 relatively ratio with leaf compost, soil and sand. The first factor was two varities pinto bean (COS16 and 21676) and the second factor was six treatments of bio-fertilizers include 1) Nitroxin® (containing bacteria Azotobacter sp. And Azospirillum sp), 2) Bio - Phosphorus ® (PSB) (containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria Bacillus sp., And Pseudomonas sp.), 3) bacteria coexist beans (Rhizobium), total organic fertilizers symbiotic beans), 4) compound fertilizers Nitroxin and Bio-Phosphorus, 5) 60 kg urea per hectare, and 6) control. Seeds was obtained from the National Research Center Beans Khomeini. Inoculating seeds with biofertilizers base on standard method (Kennedy et al., 2004) away from direct light and follow the manufacturer's recommendations, along with the planting was done. By watering each pot was half a liter bottles. At the end was measure all morphological roots and shoot traits.
Results & Discussion
Resulted of analysis variation showed that the highest and lowest root dry weight was achieved in nitroxin and symbiotic bacteria treatement respectively. The 21676 vareity root dry weight was more than the COS16 vareity. Nitroxin bio-fertilizer had the greatest impact on root length and COS16 variety was longer than the 20676 variety. COS16 variety inoculated with bio-phosphorus fertilizer had the highest total dry weight. The COS16 variety was the lowest dry weight in control. The highest and lowest pods number recorderd in Nitroxin treatemnt and control, respectively. The highest umber of seeds per pod was in the treatment nitroxin and COS16, and the lowest in control and the 21676.
Conclusion
It seems that bacteria Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. which is the main contents are included nitroxin bio-fertilizer, high in nitrogen fixation ability and the availability of nutrients needed by plants such as phosphorus, potassium, iron-siderophore production and Mhlvlsazy, the synthesis of phytohormones such as auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin the synthesis of enzymes that affect plant growth and development, especially in the 21676 positive effects on the traits of their own.
Keywords
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