Effects of silicon on the physiological, quality and quantity characteristics of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under salinity stress

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

• Sara Parande
• Gholamreza Zamani
• Mohammadhassan Sayyari
• Mohammadghader Ghaderi

University of Birjand

10.22067/ijpr.v1393i2.47004

Abstract

Salinity is the major limiting factor for plant growth and crop productivity. Salt stress is effective on physiological characteristics, morphology, anatomy, chemical composition and water content of plant tissue. Pulses are the second of food source after the cereals for human. Among the Pulses, the bean has special importance. In order to investigate the effect of silicon on the physiological, quality and quantity characteristics of common bean, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomize completely design with 3 replications in the research greenhouse of Agriculture faculty of Birjand university in 2011. Treatments were including of 5 levels soil salinity (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ds.m-1) and 4 levels silicon (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mM). The results of analysis of variance showed that the increasing of salinity caused significant reduce in leaf water content, total dry weight, protein content, protein yield and grain yield. But in contrast, salinity caused a significant increase in proline concentration and the concentration of soluble sugars of the plant. Silicon is also imposed a significant effect on leaf water content and proline concentration in leaves. Finally it could be concluded that using of Si in salinity condition reduced harmful effects of salinity on the physiological, quality and quantity characteristics of the bean plant.

Keywords

• Common bean
• Sodium silicate
• Proline
• Soluble sugars
• Protein percent

---

References

1. Agarie, S., Agata, W., Uchida, H., Kubota, F., and Kaufman, P.B. 1996. Function of silica bodies in epidermal system of rice (Oryza sative L.). Journal of Experimental Botany 47: 655-660.

2. Ashraf, M., and Foolad, M.R. 2007. Role of glycine betaine and Proline in Improving Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance. Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany 206-216.

3. Ashraf, M., Jaiwal, P.K., and Singh, G.A. 1997. Improvement of salt tolerance in same native pulse crops. Strtegies for improvement of salt tolerance in higher plants. Oxford and IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, p. 413-434.

4. Bates, I.S., Waldern, R.P., and Teare, I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free prolin for water stress studies. Journal of Plant and Soil 39: 205-207.

5. Ben-Asher, J. I., Tsuyuki, B., Bravdo, A., and Sagih, M. 2006. Irrigation of grapevines with saline water. I. Leaf area index, stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis. Journal of Agricultural Water Management 83: 13-21.

6. Bradford, M.M. 1979. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Journal of Analytical Biochemistry 72: 248-254.

7. Bruria, H., and Arie, N. 1998. Physiological response of potato plants to soil salinity and water deficit. Journal of Plant Science 137: 43- 51.

8. FAO. 2006. Production Estimates and Crop Assessment Division, FAS, USDA.

9. Fatemy, L.S., Tabatabaei, S.J., Fallahi, F. 2009. The effect of silicon on the growth and yield of strawberry grown under saline conditions. Journal of Horticultural Sciences 23: 88-95 (In Persian with English Summary).

10. Hossein, M.M., Shaaban, M.M., and El-Saady, A.K. 2008. Response of cowpea Grown under salinity stress to PK-flior applications. Journal of American Plant Physiology 1-8.

11. Hu, Y., and Schmidhalter, U. 1997. Interactive effects of salinity and macronutrient level on wheat.2. Composition. Journal of Plant Nutrition 20: 1169-1182.

12. Irigoyen, J.J., Einerich, D.W., and Sanchez-Diaz, M. 1992. Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Journal of Physiologia Plantarum 84 (1): 58-60.

13. Kafi, M., Nabati, J., Masoumi, A., and MehrGerdi, Z.M. 2011. Effect of Salinity and Silicon Application on Oxidative Damage Of Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench.]. Journal of Botany 43 (5): 2457-2462.

14. Katerji, N., VanHoorn, J.W., Hamdy, A., Bouzid, N., El-Sayed Mahrous, S., and Mastrorilli, M., 1992. Effect of salinity on water stress, growth and yield of broadbeans. Agricultural Water Management 21: 107-117.

15. Kaya, C., Tuna, L., and Higgs, D. 2006. Effect of silicon on plant growth and mineral nutrition of maize grown.under water-stress condition. Journal of Plant Nutrition 29: 1469- 1480.

16. Lauchli, A. 1984. Salt exlusion: an adaptation of legumes for crops and pasture under saline conditions. Staples, R.C., Tronniessen, G.H, (Eds). Salinity Tolerance in Plants: Strategies for Crop Improvement 171-187.

17. Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press. Limited, London. Second edition. p 861.

18. Mass, E.V., and Hoffan, G.I. 1997. Crop salt tolerance, evaluating existing data. In: International Salinity Conference Pub. Book. pp. 107-120.

19. Mass, E.V., and Hoffman, G.H. 1977. Crop salt tolerance current assessment. Journal of Irrigation and dranage 103:115-134.

20. Menzies, J.G., and Belanger, R.R. 1996. Recent advances in cultural management of diseases of greenhouse crops. Journal of Plant Pathol 18: 186-193.

21. Oliviera-Neto, C.F., Silva-Lobato, A.K., Goncalves-Vidigal, M.C., Costa, R.C.L., Santos.Filho, B.G., Alves, G.A.R., Silva-Maia, W.J.M., Cruz, F.J.R., Neres, H.K.B., and Santos Lopes, M.J. 2009. Carbon compounds and chlorophyll contents in sorghum submitted to water deficit during three growth stages. Journal of Science and Technology 7: 588-593.

22. Parvaiz, A., and Satyawati, S. 2008. Salt stress and phyto-blochemical responses of plants. Journal of Plant Soil Environ 54: 89-99.

23. Pesarrakli, M. 1999. Handbook of plant and crop stress. Marcel Decker Inc, New York. Turk, M. A., A. R. M. Tahawa, and K. D. Lee. 2004.

24. Saadat Noori, S.A., and MC Nelly, T. 2000. Assessment of variability in salt tolerance based on seedling growth in Triticum dorum Dest. Journal of Genrtic Resources and Crop Evaluation 47: 285-291.

25. Safarnejad, A., Colin, H.A., Bruce, K.D., and McNeily, T. 1996. Characterization of alfalfa following in vitro selection for salt tolerance. Journal of Euphitica 92: 55-61.

26. Silva, J.V., Lacerd, C.F., Costa, P.H.A., Filho, J.E., Filho, E.G., and Prisco, J.T. 2003. Physiological responses of NaCl stressed cowpea plants grown in nutrient solution supplemented with CaCl2. Journal of Plant Physiology 15: 99-105.

27. Tahir, M.A., Rahmatullah, A., Aziz, T., Ashraf, M., Kanwal, S., and Maqsood, M.A. 2006. Benefical effects of Silicon in wheat under salinity stress. Journal of Botany 38: 1715-1722.

28. Wang, W., Vinocur, B., and Altman, A., 2003. Plants responses to drough, salinity and extreme temperatures: towards genetic engineering for stress tolerance. Planta, Heidelberg 218 (l): 1-14.

29. Zhu, Z., Wei, G., Li, J., Qian, Q., and Yu, J. 2004. Silicon alleviates salt stress and increases antioxidant enzymes activity in leaves of salt-stressed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Journal of Plant Science 167: 527-533.

30. Zuccarini, P. 2008. Effects of silicon on photosynthesis, water relations and nutrient uptake of Phaseolus vulgaris under NaCl stress. Bio. Plant 52 (1): 157-160.