The effect of using biological and chemical nitrogen fertilizers on yield and yield components in lentil cultivars

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

• Sayyed Hossain Sabaghpour ¹
• Hojatollah Shahbazi ²
• Reza Rezakhanlou ²

¹ Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education of Center of Hamedan Province, Iran

² Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University of Saveh, Saveh, Iran

10.22067/ijpr.v10i1.61850

Abstract

Introduction
Excessive application of chemical fertilizers for increasing agricultural production, particularly in the agricultural sector, causing environmental damage and disturbance in soil fertility. Lentil is one of the most important pulse crop in rainfed area which is grown on 132,000 hectares in 2014-15 cropping season in Iran. Major lentil areas (95%) are planted in rain fed condition and are grown in rotation with cereals mainly wheat and barley. Mean productivity of lentil 558 kg ha^-1 in 2014-15 cropping season in Iran. One of the reason for low lentil productivity in Iran, is unfavorable fertilization in lentil farms. Currently biologic fertilizers as an alternative option for chemical fertilizer to enhance to soil fertility in the stable agricultural production are considered. Rhizosphere beneficial bacteria are commonly called plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and have been under researchers focus for many years. PGPRs can stimulate plant growth through different mechanisms. Solubilization of inorganic phosphate is a characteristic has been frequently used for screening these bacteria. The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of biological and chemical nitrogen fertilizers on yield and yield components of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) cultivars.
 
Material & Methods
An experiment was carried out in factorial based on randomized complete block design with four replications and five levels of fertilizer treatments (without consumption the fertilizer, Super Nitro Plus, Nitroxin, Rhizocheck and 20 kg nutrition fertilizer per hectare) and three lentil varieties (Kimia, Bilesevar and local check) in Ekbatan Research Station of Hamedan during 2014-2015. During vegetative and reproductive phases, weeds were controlled and data were recorded on days to flowering, days to podding days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, biomass, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, and seed yield. Data were analyzed using the SAS. Ver. 9.1 and figures drew were prepared by EXCEL and means compared by using DMRT at the 5% and 1% level.
 
Results & Discussion
The results of present research showed that fertilizer treatment was significant effects on days to flowering, days to poding, plant height, pod number per plant, biomass and seed yield. But fertilizer treatment had not significant effects days to maturity, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant and number of seeds per pod. Also the results showed that the cultivars had significant difference on days to flowering, days to poding, plant height, biomass, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, and seed yield. Varieties had not significance different on days to maturity, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant. Interaction of fertilizer × variety on all characters was not significant. Mean comparison showed that the highest and lowest yield belong to Rhizocheck and check respectively. The utilization of Rhizocheck had been in caused 29, 16, 28 and 49 percent higher biomass, plant height, number of pods per plant and seed yield than check respectively. Also the results indicated that Bilesevar variety produced the significant and higher grain yield (832 kg/ha) than check. Bilesevar variety had the highest biomass, plant height, number of seeds per pod, and grain yield. Most of studies have reported that using biological fertilizers have been affected grain yield of chickpea, wheat, seasame and bean. According to this study results, it is recommended to inoculate Rhizocheck on Bilesevar variety for planting under rainfed condition of Hamedan region.
 
Conclusions
One of the most important factor for soil fertility is microorganism ability for production. The result of present study showed the highest productivity obtained from Rhizochick application and Bilesevar improved lentil variety produced the highest grain yield. Rhizochick may enhance photosynthesis and enhancing availability of nutritional elements. Therefore grain yield have been increased. Generally, PGPR promote plant growth directly by either facilitating resource acquisition (nitrogen, phosphorus, essential element) or modulating plant hormone level. The reduction chemical application will affect decreasing environment contamination which is one of the important factor for stability. Therefore it is recommended to plant Bilesevar improved lentil variety with Rhizochick inoculation in Hamedan region.

Keywords

• Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)
• Nitroxin
• Rhizocheck
• Super Nitro Plus

---

References

1. Afshari, A., Sabaghpour, S.H., Haj Seyyed Hadi, M.R., and Asadi Rahmani, H. 2013. Effect of Rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components of common Bean. Plant Products Technology. 13(1): 1-11. (In Persian with English Summary).
2. Ardekani, M.R., Mezaheri, D.M.F., and Noormahammadi, Gh. 2000. Role of Azospirillum symbiosis for absorbing micro and macro nutrition in wheat. In: Abstract Book of the 6^th Iranian Congress of Crop Sciences, 3-6 Sep 2000, Mazenderan University- Babolsar-Iran. (In Persian).
3. Asgharzadeh, A., and SalehRastin, N. 2000. Investigation of potential of symbiosis nitrogen fixation of indigenous Mesorhizobium ciceri with two varieties of Cicer arietinum in Iran. Soil and Water Journal 12(43): 7-33. (In Persian).
4. El- Habbasha, S.F., Abdol El Salam, M.S., and Kabesh, M.O. 2007. Response of two sesame varieties (Sesamum indicum) to partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by bio-organic fertilizers. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science 3(6): 563-571.
5. Elsheikh, E.A.E., and Hadi, E.A. 1999. Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and nitrogen fertilization on yield and protein content of six chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cultivars in marginal soils under irrigation. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 54: 57-63.
6. Eydizadeh, K., Mahdavi Damghani, A., Sabahi, H., and Soufizadeh, S. 2010. Effects of integrated application of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer on growth of maize (Zea mays) in Shushtar. Agroecology 2(2): 292-301. (In Persian with English Summary).
7. Faraji, A., and Arzanesh, M.H. 2013. Response of two canola genotypes to plant growth promoter bacteria (Azospirillum spp): seed yield and its components, dry matter and harvest index. Seed and Plant Production Journal 29(1): 17-29. (In Persian with English Summary).
8. Ghasemzadeh-Ganjehie, M. Asgharzadeh, A. Effects of rhizobiums sush inoculation and fertilizer on yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Khorasan-Razavi. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 4(1): 51-58. (In Persian with English Summary).
9. Gupta, A.K., and Samnotra, R.K. 2004. Effect of biofertilizers and nitrogen on growth, quality and yield of cabbage (Brassica napus). Environment Ecology 22: 551-553.
10. Hasanzadeh, N., and Seyedsharifii, R. 2014. Effect of bacterial inoculation and nitrogen fertilizer timing on growth indices, yield and morphological traits of triticale (Triticosecale wittmack). Journal of Plant Ecophysiology 6 (18): 12-17. (In Persian with English Summary).
11. Koutroubas, S.D., Parageorgiou, M., and Fotiadis, S. 2009. Growth and nitrogen dynamics of spring chickpea genotypes in a Mediterranean-type climate. Journal of Agriculture Science 147: 445-458.
12. Karimi, M., and Siddique, K. 1991. Crop growth and relative growth rates of old and modern wheat cultivars. Australian Journal of Agriculture Research 42: 13-20.
13. Khandan Bejandi, T., Seyed Sharifi, R., Sedghi, M., Asgari Zakaria, R., Namvar, A., and Jafari Moghaddam, M. 2010. Effect of plant density, rhizobia and microelements on yield and some of morphysiological characteristics of chickpea. European Journal of Crop Production 3(1): 139-157.
14. Khodarahmi, M., Sabaghpour, S.H., and Farnia, A. 2013. Effect of different rhizobium strains on seed yield and its components of improved chickpea (Cicer arietinum ) cultivars. Seed and Plant Journal Production 29 (3): 403-412. ‌(In Persian with English Summary).
15. Kumar, B., Pandey, P., and Maheshwari, D.K. 2009. Reduction in dose of chemical fertilizers and growth enhancement of sesame (Sesamum indicum) with application of rhizospheric competent Pseudomonas aeruginosa LES4. European Journal of Soil Biology 45: 334-340.
16. Lodeiro, A.R., Gonzalez, P., Hernandez, A., Balague, L.J., and Favelukes, G. 2000. Comparison of drought tolerance in nitrogen-fixing and inorganic nitrogen-grown common bean. Plant Science 154: 31- 41.
17. Majnoon-Hosseini, N. 2008. Agronomy and Pulses P Organization of Tehran Jahad-Daneshgahi Press. Pp 283. (In Persian).
18. Mehrpoyan, M., Shirani Rad, A.H. 2011. Comparing the biological nitrogen fixation efficiency, in native and non-native strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum; bv. phaseoli ;bv.phaseoli in Common Bean. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 2(2): 109-120. (In Persian with English Summary).
19. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture. 2016. Agricultural Statistics for Agronomy, 2014-15. Department of Statistics and Information. Pp 163. (In Persian).
20. Mishra, A., Prasad, K., and Rai, G. 2010. Effect of bio-fertilizer inoculations on growth and yield of dwarf field pea (Pisum sativum) in conjunction with different dose of chemical fertilizers. Journal of Agronomy 9(4): 163-168.
21. Moghimi, F., and Yousefi Rad, M. 2013. The effects of nitroxin (Azotobacter) usage on yield and yield components of safflower (cv. Goldasht) in the presence of EDTA. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology 5(13): 39-47. (In Persian with English Summary).
22. M., and Bagheri. A. 2008. Pulses. Jahade Daneshghahi Ferdousi University. 267-290 p. (In Persian).
23. Pourakbar, L., Khayami, M., and Jelil, Kh. 1999. The interaction of Cu and EDTA on K+ leakageand some metals content in root and shoot of Maize (Zea mays) seedlings. Journal of Science of Tarbiyet Molalem 8(2): 121-132. (In Persian with English Summary).
24. S.H. 1997. Genetic of Chickpea. Agriculture Education Nasher. Pp 61. (In Persian).
25. S.H. 2006. Prospects and problems for enhancing grain yield of food legume on dryland in Iran. Iranian Journal of Crop Science 2(30): 15-54. (In Persian with English Summary).
26. Sabaghpour, S.H. Seyedi, F., Mahmoodi, A. A. Safikhani, M., Pezeshkpour, P., and Rostemi, B. 2013. Kimiya, a new high yielding lentil cultivar for moderate cold and semi warm climate of Iran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 29(1): 397-399. (In Persian with English Summary).
27. Sabaghpour, S.H. 2015. Strategic Framework for Food Legume R Chap and Entesharat Organization. Pp 412. (In Persian).
28. , S.H., Pouralibaba, H.R., Mehreban, A., Mostefayee, H., Pezakhpour, P., Kerimizadeh, R., Seyedi, F., Mahmoodi, A.A., Ferayedi, Y., Kamel, M., Alahyari, N., Baghdadi, H., and Shahab, M.R. 2017. Bilehsevar, a new large seed size and tolerance to fusarium wilt lentil cultivar for dryland condition of Iran. Journal of Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops. (In Persian with English Summary).
29. Sajadinik, E., Yadavi, A, Balouchi, H.R., and Farajee, H. 2011. Effect of chemical (Urea), organic (Vermicompost) and biological (Nitroxin) fertilizers on quantity and quality yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum). Journal of sustainable Agriculture and production Science 21(2): 87-101. (In Persian with English Summary).
30. Saxena, P.K. and King, J. 1987. Morphogenesis in lentil plant regeneration from callus on Lens culinaris Medik via somatic embryogenesis. Plant Scienes 52: 223-227.
31. Shakeri, E., Amini Dehaghi, M., Tabatabaei, S.A., and Modares Sanavi, S.A. 2012. Effect of chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer on seed yield, its components, oil and protein percent in Sesame varieties. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science 22(1): 71-85.
32. Sharman, A.K. 2004. Biofertilizers for Sustainable A Agrobios. India.
33. Sherifi, A. 2013.The Effect of Biological and Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Improved Chickpea V Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy and Breeding. Azad University, Savah Branch. M.Sc. Thesis. Pp 104. (In Persian with English summary).
34. Solemani, R., and Asgharzadeh, A. 2010. Effects of Mesorrhizobium inoculation and fertilizer application on yield and yield components of rain-fed chickpea. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 1(1): 1-8. (In Persian with English Summary).
35. Subba Rao, N.S. 1988. Biofertilizers in A Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi India.
36. Vessy, J.K. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizer. Plant and Soil 3: 255-258.
37. Yousry, M., Kabesh, O.M., and Saber,‌ M.S. 1978. Manganese availability in a calcareous soil as a result of phosphate fertilization and inoculation with Phosphobacterin. African Journal Agriculture Science 5(2): 1386-1392.
38. Zahir, Z.A., Chani, U., Naveed, M., Nadeem, S.M., and Asghar,‌ H. N. 2009. Comparative effectiveness of Psedomonas and Serratia Containing ACC-deaminase for improving growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salt-stressed conditions. Archives of Microbiology Journal 191: 415-424.