Gene expression profiling of chitinase and β-1,3 glucanase in chickpea infected by Ascochyta blight

Document Type : مقالات پژوهشی

Authors

• Rahim Afzal ¹
• Seyyed Hassan Marashi ¹
• Nasrin Moshtaghi ¹
• Hamidreza Kavousi ²

¹ Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

² Bahonar University of Kerman

10.22067/ijpr.v1393i1.46255

Abstract

Induced resistance to pathogen is one of the ways which plants use against biotic stresses. Pathogenesis-related proteins(PR), including chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase synthesized by the plant in response to pathogenic infection. In this investigation, the expression of two isoforms: acidic and basic of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanasegenes were analyzed at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after fungal inoculation of chickpea genotypes (MCC496 as resistant and MCC403 as sensitive) with race 6 of Ascochyta rabiei by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that the expression of both acidic isoforms of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase genes were increased at 24 and 48 hours, respectively after fungal inoculation in genotype MCC496, but the expression level in sensitive genotype increased in early time after inoculation and then decreased. The basic isoform of chitinase was expressed in sensitive genotype more than the resistant genotype. The basic isoform of β-1,3-glucanase was not expressed in these genotypes. Totally, acidic isoforms of these enzymes specifically chitinase would play roles in plant defense against Ascochyta blight

Keywords

• Ascochyta blight
• Chitinase
• Pathogenesis-related proteins
• RT-PCR
• β-1
• 3-glucanase

---

References

1. Alonso, E., De Carvalho Niebel, F., Obregon, P., Gheysen, G., Inze, D., Van Montagu, M., and Castresana, C. 1995. Differential in vitro DNA binding activity to a promoter element of the gn1 β-1, 3-glucanase gene in hypersensitively reacting tobacco plants. Plant Journal 7: 309-0320.

2. Bol, J.F., Linthorest, H.J.M., and Cornelissen, B.J.C. 1990. Plant pathogenesis-related protein induced by virus infection. Annual Review of Phytopathology 28: 113-138.

3. Cao, H., Glazebrook, J., Clarke, J.D., Volko, S., and Dong, X. 1997. The Arabidopsis NPR1 gene that controls systemic acquired resistance encodes a novel protein containing ankyrin repeats. Cell 88: 57-62.

4. Gorjanovic, S. 2009. Biological and technological functions of barley seed pathogenesis-related protein

(PRs). A review. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 115(4): 334-360.

5. Kavousi, H.R., Marashi, H., Mozafari, J., and Bagheri, A.R. 2009. Expression of phenylpropanoid pathway genes in chickpea defense against race 3 of Ascochyta rabiei. Plant Pathology Journal 8: 127- 132.

6. Maden, S., Mathur, D., and Neergaard, S.B. 1975. Detection and location of seed born inouclum of Ascochyta rabiei and its transmission in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Seed Science and Technology 3: 667-681.

7. Pozo, M., Azcon-Aguilar, C., Dumas-Gaudot, E., and Barea, G.M. 1999. β-1,3 Glucanase activities in tomato roots inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and:or Phytophthora parasitica and their possible involvement in bioprotection. Plant Science 141: 149-157.

8. Ren, Y.Y., and West, C.A. 1992. Elicitation of diterpene biosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by chitin. Plant Physiology 99: 1169-1178.

9. Ryals, J.A., Neuenschwander, U.H., Willits, M.G., Molina, A., Steiner, H.Y., and Hunt, M.D. 1996. Systemic acquired resistance. Plant Cell 8: 1809-1819.

10. Saikia, R., Pratab Singh, B., Kumar, R., and Arora, K. 2005. Detection of pathogenesis-related proteins-chitinase and β-1,3-glucanasein induced chickpea. Current Science 89(4): 659-663.

11. Salzer, P., Bonanomi, A., Beyer, K., Aeschbacher, R.A., and Boller, T. 2000. Differential expression of eight chitinase genes in Medicago truncatula roots during mycorrhiza formation, nodulation and pathogen infection. Molecular Plant Microbe Interaction 13: 763-777.

12. Sephri, H., 2009. Gene Expression Profiling of Chitinase in Chickpea by Using Real-Time PCR. MSc. Thesis. Agriculture Faculty, University of Ferdowsi Mashhad. ( In Persian).

13. Shokouhifar, F., Bagheri, A.R., and Fallahati Rastegar, M. 2006. Identification of resistant chickpea lines against pathotypes causing Ascochyta blight disease in Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology 19(1): 29-42. (In Persian).

14. Siddiqui, I.A., and Shaukat, S.S. 2004. Systemic resistance in tomato induced by biocontrol bacteria against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica is Independent of Salicylic Acid Production. Journal Phytopathology 152: 48-54.

15. Simmons, C. 1994. The physiology and molecular biology of plant 1,3-β-D-glucanases and 1,3; 1,4-β-D-glucanases. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 13: 325-387.

16. Van Kan, J.A.L., Joosten, M.H.A.J., and Wagemakers, C.A.M. 1992. Differential accumulation of mRNAs encoding extracellular and intracellular PR proteins in tomato induced by virulent and a virulent races of Cladosporium fulvum. Plant Molecular Biology 20: 513-527.

17. Van Loon, L.C. 1997. Induced resistance in plants and the role of pathogenesis-related protein. European Journal of Plant Pathology 103: 753-765.

18. Van Loon, L.C., and Van Strien, E.A. 1999. The families of pathogenesis-related protein, their activities and comparative analysis of PR-1 type proteins. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 55: 85-97.

19. Van Loon, L.C., Pierpoint, W.S., Boller, T., and Conejero, V. 1994. Recommendations for naming plant pathogenesis-related protein. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 12: 245-264.

20. Viswanathan, R., and Samiyappan, R. 2001. Antifungal activity of chitinases produced by some fluorescent pseudomonads against Colletotrichum falcatum Went causing red rot disease in sugarcane. Microbiological Research 155: 309-314.

21. Yonesi, H., Okhowat, S.M., and Hajarod, G. 2003. Virulence variability of Ascochyta rabiei isolates on chickpea cultivar sin Kermanshah province. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 39: 213-228. (In Persian).

22. Zolala, J., Farsi, M., Moghaddam Matin, M., Bahrami, A.R., and Ghabooli, M. 2008. The comparison of cel I endonuclease gene expression in some Apiaceae plants using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Agricultural Sciences and Technology Journal 1(22): 4-11. (In Persian).