Evaluation of Yield Response and Yield Components of Promising Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes Resistant to Drought Stress

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

• Behrouz Asadi ¹
• Seyedeh Soudabeh Shobeiri ²
• Ali Akbar Asadi ³
• Hossein Astaraki ⁴
• Foroud Salehi ⁵

¹ Researcher of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Arak Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Arak, Iran

² Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Recourses Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Zanjan, Iran

³ Seed and Plant improvement Institute, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Recourses Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Zanjan, Iran

⁴ Seed and Plant improvement Institute, Lorestan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Lorestan, Iran

⁵ Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Recourses Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran

10.22067/ijpr.2024.85603.1075

Abstract

Introduction
Considering the limitation of arable land, the most effective factor in increasing the production of beans is to conduct research in the field of agronomic and breeding in order to increase the yield per unit area. In order to determine the effect of genetic or environmental factors on a trait, different genotypes should be studied in multiple environments. The varying responses of genotypes in different environments, coupled with the interaction effects of genotype in the environment, render the selection of genotypes from one environment to another challenging. Therefore, examining genotypes in diverse environments holds significant importance in determining the appropriate breeding strategy for the release of adapted cultivars to the target environments. Considering the role of genetic diversity in the advancement of breeding programs, the study of morphological and phenological characteristics that determine yield is a suitable method to achieve selection criteria for improving yield and improving and introducing compatible and high-yielding cultivars. Seed yield is a complex trait that is controlled by a large number of genes, and selection based on yield alone is often not successful. For this reason, one of the ways to identify high-yielding genotypes is to study traits that have a significant relationship with seed yield, so that by selecting or removing them, the accumulation of desirable genes in improved cultivars can be done. Considering the climatic conditions of different regions of Iran, this research was conducted in order to investigate the yield and yield components of red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in 4 major bean growing regions in the country.
 
Materials and Methods
14 red bean genotypes along with Yaghout, Ofogh and Dadfar varieties (Controls) were studied in randomized complete block design with three replications in four research stations of Khomein, Broujerd, Shahrekord and Zanjan for 2 crop years (2018-2019). At the time of harvest, each plot was harvested separately and the yield of each plot was weighed after threshing. After collecting data related to yield and its components, combined variance analysis, simple variance analysis related to each location and mean comparisons were performed. Also, correlation analysis and step-by-step regression were used to investigate the relationship between yield and its components.
 
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that there is a significant statistical difference between the studied locations, years and genotypes in terms of all traits at the probability level of 1%. The significance of genotype × location interaction for all traits made it necessary to analyze the variance separately in each investigated location. The significance of double interactions indicates the relative instability of the traits of different genotypes in different times and places. The highest seed yield was observed at Khomein station in G12, Yaghot and G4 genotypes, Borujerd in G14 and G13 genotypes, Zanjan in Yaghot and G12 genotypes and Shahrekord in G12 and G16 genotypes. Based on the days to maturity the Ofogh variety, G9, G16 and to some extent G4 genotypes, and based on its yield and yield components, the G12 genotype and Yaghuot and Dadfar varieties were introduced as desirable genotypes. Correlation analysis showed that there is a positive but non-significant correlation between seed yield and number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and number of seeds per plant. Regression analysis showed that the traits of number of seeds per pod, days to maturity, number of pods per plant and 100 grain weight are included in the regression model as effective traits and among these traits, days to maturity with a negative coefficient and the number of pods per plant with a positive coefficient were more effective in seed yield.
 
Conclusions
This study showed that according to the yield and its components in red beans, it is better to introduce a specific variety for each region. Based on the number of days to maturity, Ofogh (check) and G9, G16, and to some extent G4 genotypes, and based on its yield and components, genotypes G12 and G5 can be reported as favorable genotypes. Besides the seed yield, the yield components including the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, and the 100 grain weight also played a role in selecting better lines; therefore, indirect selection through the selection of these traits can be effective in increasing seed yield. Finally, it can be concluded that apart from seed yield, yield components including the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, and the weight of 100 seeds can also be effective in selecting superior genotypes; therefore, indirect selection through these traits can be effective in increasing grain yield

Keywords

• Cluster analysis
• Indirect selection
• Legumes
• Regression analysis

---

©2024 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

References

Abebe, A., Brick, M. A. & Kirkby, R. A. (1998). Comparison of selection indices to identify productive dry bean lines under diverse environmental conditions. Field Crop Research, 58, 15-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(98)00082-3

Adams, M. W. (1982). Plant architecture and yield breeding. Iowa State Journal of Research, 56(3), 225-254.

Ahmed, S. (2013). Correlation and path analysis for agro-morphological traits in Rajmash beans under Baramulla-Kashmir region. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8, 2027-2032. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2012.0014

Akhshi, N., Firouzabadi, F. N., Cheghamirza, K., & Dorri, H. (2015). Coefficient analysis and association between morpho-agronomical characters in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova, 48, 29-37. https://doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2015-0050 

Amini, A., Ghanadha, M. R., & Abd-mishani, C. (2002). Genetic diversity and correlation between different traits in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 33, 605-615. https://doi.org/10.22092/SPIJ.2017.111161

Asadi, B., Vaeazi S. H., & Fathi Haftshjani, A. (2015). Genetic diversity and classification of chitti bean genotypes using multivariate analysis methods. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 4(1), 641-652 (In Persian with English Abstract). https://doi.org/10.22092/SPIJ.2017.111281

Bakhshi, B., Pouresmaeil, M., & Keshtgar Khajedad, M. (2021). Assessment of agromorphological traits diversity in cowpea landraces originated from arid and warm regions of Iran. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 12(2), 85-103. (In Persian with English Abstract). https://doi.org/10.22067/ijpr.v12i2.87704

Becker, H. C., & Leon, J. (1988). Stability analysis in plant breeding. Plant Breeding, 101, 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00261.x

Beebe, S. & Mc Clafferty, B. (2006). Biofortified Bean. Centro Agronomico Tropical (CIAT)-Cali, Colombia. 2 p. In: www.harvestplus.org/pdfs/bean.pdf

Bennett, J. P., Adams, M. W., & Burga, C. (1997). Pod yield component variation and inter correlation in (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as affected by planting density. Crop Science, 17, 73-75. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1977.0011183X001700010021x

Broughton, W. J., Hernandez, G., Blair, M., Beebe, S., Gepts, P., & Vanderleyden, J. (2003). Beans (Phaseolus spp.): Model food legumes. Plant Soil, 252, 55-128. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024146710611

Cokkizgin, A., Colkesen, M., Idikut, L., Ozsisli, B., & Girgel, U. (2013). Determination of relationships between yield components in bean by using path coefficient analysis. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3, 085-089. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024146710611

Dimova, D., & Svetleva, D. (1992). Inheritance and correlation of some quantitative characters in 348rench bean in relation to increasing the effectiveness of selection. Abstract Plant Breeding, 63(3), 344. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040682

Duarte, R. A., & Adams, M. W. (1972). A Path coefficient analysis of some yield component Interrelations in field bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Crop Science, 12, 579-582. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1972.0011183X001200050009x

Fageria, N. K., & Santos, A. B. (2008). Yield physiology of dry bean. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31, 983-1004. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802096815

Farshadfar, E. (2000). Application of Biometrical Genetics in Plant Breeding. Razi University Press, Kermanshah, Iran. 396 pp. (In Persian). (In Persian with English Abstract)

Ghanbari, A. A., Mozafari, H., & Hassanpour Darvishi, H. (2017). Identification of effective traits on the yield in bean genotypes using multivariate statistical methods, Journal of Crop Breeding, 9(22), 53-62.

Gomez, O. J., Blair, M. W., Frankow-lindberg, B. E., & Gullberg, U. (2004). Molecular and phenotypic diversity of common bean landraces from Nicaragua. Crop Science, 44, 1412-1418. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.1412

Hashemi Jezi, S. M. (2014). Investigation and Comparison of Performance and Determination of Compatibility of White Bean Cultivars in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. the First National Legume Conference, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian). http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2013.772351

Hosseinpour, T., Ahmadi, A., Mohammadi, F., & Drikvand, R. (2012). The effect of seed rate on grain yield and its components of wheat cultivars in rain fed conditions. Agronomy Journal, 104, 101-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22092/AJ.2014.103236

Khaghani, S., Bihamta, M. R., & Changizi, M. (2009). Quantitative and qualitative comparison of white and red beans under normal irrigation and drought stress. Environmental Stress Plant Science, 1(2), 169-182. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2008.563.568

Kooshki, M. H., & Marzooghian, A. (2020). The evaluation of elite lines obtained from red common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) local populations. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 10(2), 77-89. (In Persian with English Abstract). https://doi.org/10.22067/ijpr.v10i2.66654

Laing, D. R., Kretchmer, P. J., Zuluaga, S., & Jones, P. G. (1983). Field bean. In: Potential productivity of field crops under different environments, Ed. International Rice Research Institute, 227-248. Los Banos, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute.

Liebman, M., Corson, S., Rowe, R. J., & Halteman, W. A. (1995). Dry bean response to nitrogen fertilizer in two tillage and residue management systems. Agronomy Journal, 87, 538-546. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700030024x

Mohammadi, A., Bihamta, M. R., & Dorri, H., (2017). Determination of phenotypic correlation coefficients and causality analysis of some traits of broad bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under non-stress and drought stress conditions. Journal of Agriculture, Water, Soil and Plant Research, 8(2), 135-144. (In Persian with English Abstract)

Mohammadi, H., Ahmadi, A., Moradi, F., Abbasi, A., Poustini, K., Joudi, M., & Fatehi, F. (2011). Evaluation of critical traits for improving wheat yield under drought stress, Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 42(2), 373-385. (In Persian)

Önder, M., Kahraman, A., & Ceyhan, E. (2013). Correlation and path analysis for yield and yield components in common bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Ratarstvo i Povrtarstvo, 50, 14-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ratpov50-3958

Rahimi, H., Eshghizadeh, H. R., Razmjoo, J., Zahedi, M., Ghadiri, A., & Asadi, M. (2023). Evaluation of yield and some morpho-physiological characteristics of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes under different irrigation regimes. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 14(1), 19-33. (In Persian with English abstract). http://dx.doi.org/10.22067/ijpr.v14i1.2206-1026

Rai, N., Singh, P., Verma, A., Yadav, P., & Choubey, T. (2010). Hierarchical analysis for genetic variability in pole type French bean. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 67, 150-153.

Rharrabti, S., Elhani, V., Martos, N., & Garcia, L. Del Moral. F. (1998). Relationship between some quality traits and yield of durum wheat under southern Spain conditions. CIHEAM-Option Mediterranean, 40, 529-531.

Sabokdast, M., & Khyalparast, F. A. (2008). Study of relationship between grain yield and yield component in common bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 11(42), 123-133.

Sadeghi, A., Cheghamirza, K., & Dorri, H. R. (2011). The study of morphoagronomic traits relationship in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Biharean Biologist, 5, 102-108.

Sainju, U. M., Whitehead, W. F., & Singh, B. P. (2005). Biculture legume–cereal cover crops for enhanced biomass yield, carbon, and nitrogen. Agronomy Journal, 97(5), 1403-1412. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.0274

Salehi, M., & Saeidi, G. H. (2011). Genetic variation of some agronomic traits and yield component in breeding lines of sesame. Journal of Crop Breeding, 4(9), 77-92. (In Persian with English Abstract)

Salehi, M., Akbari, R., & KHorshidi Benam, M. A. (2008). Study on response of yield and seed yield components of red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes to delay in planting in Miyaneh region. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 12(43), 105-115.

Sharifi, P., Astereki, H., & Safari Motlagh, M. R. (2014). Evaluation of genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction effects on some of important quantitative traits of faba bean (Vicia faba L.), Journal of Crop Breeding, 6(13), 73-88. (In Persian with English Abstract)

Singh, S. P., Teran, H., Munoz, C. G., & Takegami, J. C. (1999). Two cycles of recurrent selection for seed yield in common bean. Crop Science, 39, 391-397. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183X0039000200015x

Sofi, P., Zargar, M., Debouck, D., & Graner, A. (2011). Evaluation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm under temperate conditions of Kashmir valley. Journal of Phytology, 3, 47-52.

Vlizadeh, M., & Moghadam, M. (2010). Experimental Designs in Agriculture. Fourth Ed. Privar Publishers, Iran.

Westermann, D. T., & Crother, S. S. E. (1977). Plant population effects on the seed yield components of beans. Crop Science, 17, 493-496. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1977.0011183X001700040002x

Zimmermann, M. J. O., & Waines, J. G. (1984). Heritability of gain yield of common bean on sloe crop and intercrop with maize. Crop Science, 25(4), 641-644. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1984.0011183X002400040004x