ارزیابی دامنه صفات زراعی نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) دیم در مناطق سرد کشور

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سنندج، ایران

3 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

معرفی ارقام سازگار با مناطق مختلف و دارای صفات برجسته زراعی از اهم اولویت­های به­نژادگران نخود دیم به‌شمار می­آید. برای تعیین حد و حدود بهینه صفات زراعی نخود دیم، بانک اطلاعاتی با بیش از 8000 ژنوتیپ از ایستگاه­های تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم مناطق سرد (مراغه، کردستان، زنجان، ارومیه و اردبیل) به مدت 20 سال (1395-1375) جمع‌آوری شد. حد و حدود بهینه تعداد روز تا گلدهی، تعداد روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، طول دوره پُرشدن دانه، ارتفاع بوته و وزن100دانه با استفاده از روش­های خطوط مرزی و میانگین­گیری از جامعه دارای عملکرد بالا تعیین شد. نتایچ نشان داد حد بهینه ارتفاع گیاه، وزن100دانه، تعداد روز تا گلدهی، تعداد روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک و طول دوره پُرشدن دانه با خطوط مرزی به‌ترتیب 8/29 سانتی­متر، 0/34 گرم، 2/56 روز برای کشت بهاری و 2/89 روز برای کشت پاییزی، 4/89 برای کشت بهاری و 8/120 روز برای کشت پاییزی و 1/33 روز و با روش میانگین­گیری از جامعه دارای عملکرد بالا به‌ترتیب 2/30 سانتی­متر، 0/36 گرم، 6/75 روز، 8/108 روز و 7/37 روز می­باشد. برای صفت وزن100دانه و ارتفاع گیاه تفاوت دو روش، کم اما برای سه صفت دیگر تاحدودی زیاد بود. تجزیه به مؤلفه­های اصلی مهم‌ترین صفات را برای گزینش ارقام نخود دیم، تعداد روز تا گلدهی و تعداد روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک و در مرتبه بعد ارتفاع گیاه تشخیص داد. با توجه به دقت بالا در برآورد حد و حدود بهینه صفات و انطباق بیشتر نتایج آن با ارقام معرفی‌شده، استفاده از خطوط مرزی مناسب­تر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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