ارزیابی پاسخ ارقام لوبیاقرمز با دو عادت رشدی مختلف به رقابت با علف‏‌های‏‌هرز

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ایلام

2 دانشگاه ایلام، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات

3 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

عملکرد گیاه لوبیا به دلیل رشد کم در ابتدای فصل رشد، تحت تأثیر رقابت علف‏های‎هرز به شدت کاهش می‏یابد. با توجه به پژوهش‏های محدود در زمینه تأثیر رقابت علف‏های‏هرز بر صفات فیزیولوژیک لوبیا، آزمایشی برای بررسی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک سه رقم لوبیاقرمز با دو عادت رشدی نیمه‌رونده و ایستاده در رقابت با علف‏های‏هرز در مزرعه آزمایشی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام در بهار و تابستان 1396 انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با دو عامل، رقم در سه سطح (صیاد، درخشان و لاین D81083) و رقابت علف‏های‏هرز در دو سطح (عاری از علف‏های‏هرز و تداخل تمام فصل علف‏های‏هرز) و با سه تکرار اجرا شد. صفت‏های ارتفاع بوته، زیست‏توده، میزان کلروفیل a، b، میزان کلروفیل کل، آنتوسیانین و کاروتنوئید در سه مرحله V4 (سومین برگ سه‌برگچه‏ای)، R6 (گل‏دهی) و R7 (غلاف‏دهی) و صفت‏های عملکرد دانه، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف و وزن100دانه در مرحله رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که در بین سه رقم مورد مطالعه لاین D81083 با رشد ایستاده قدرت رقابتی بالاتری با علف‏های‏هرز دارد و بیشترین میزان ارتفاع بوته، زیست‏توده، تعداد غلاف در بوته، وزن100دانه و عملکرد دانه را داشت. تداخل علف‏های‏هرز باعث کاهش تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن100دانه، تعداد غلاف در بوته و عملکرد دانه به ترتیب به میزان ، 18/30، 71/22، 42/27 و 24/42 درصد شد. از طرف دیگر، صفت‏های فیزیولوژیک مانند آنتوسیانین، کاروتنوئید در مرحله V4 تحت تأثیر رقم و رقابت علف‏های‏هرز قرار نگرفتند، اما در مرحلهR7، اثر اصلی رقم و رقابت علف‏های‏هرز و در مرحلهR6 اثر اصلی رقابت علف‏های‏هرز بر صفت‏های آنتوسیانین و کاروتنوئید معنی‏دار بود. شاخص رقابت در بین سه رقم مورد مطالعه در سطح 5درصد معنی‏دار بود و لاین D81083 با مقدار 81/1 بیشترین شاخص را داشت. به‌طور کلی می‏توان نتیجه گرفت که کشت لاین D81083 با قدرت رقابتی بالاتر و داشتن خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی بهتر نسبت به سایر ارقام در مقابل علف‏های‏هرز، به عنوان یک راهکار غیرشیمیایی برای مدیریت علف‏های‏هرز در مزارع لوبیا قابل توصیه می‏باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مراجع

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