واکنش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) در کشت مخلوط با تریتیکاله به کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی تحت شرایط تنش آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

بخش اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

به­‌منظور بررسی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) در کشت خالص و مخلوط با تریتیکاله
(X Triticosecale Wittmack) تحت شرایط تنش­ آبی، آزمایشی به­‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب ـ دانشگاه شیراز در سال زراعی 1399ـ1398 اجرا شد. تیمارها در دو سطح آبیاری [مطلوب: آبیاری بر اساس نیاز آبی گیاه تا مرحله­ رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک و تنش آبی: آبیاری بر اساس نیاز آبی گیاه تا مرحله­ گل­دهی] به‌­عنوان عامل اصلی و سه منبع کودی [شیمیایی (50 کیلوگرم فسفر بر هکتار + 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن بر هکتار)، تلفیقی (25کیلوگرم فسفر بر هکتار+ 75کیلوگرم نیتروژن بر هکتار+20 تن کود گوسفندی بر هکتار+ تلقیح با باکتری­‌های سودوموناس فلورسنس و آزوسپیریلوم براسیلنس)، زیستی (40 تن کود گوسفندی بر هکتار+ تلقیح با باکتری­های سودوموناس فلورسنس (Pseudomonas fluorescens) و آزوسپیریلوم براسیلنس (Azospirillum brasilence)] و سه نوع کشت [کشت خالص نخود، کشت خالص تریتیکاله، کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله نخود (1:1)] به­عنوان عوامل فرعی بودند که به‌­صورت فاکتوریل در کرت­‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد در شرایط تنش آبی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود در کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص آن کاهش کمتری نشان داد. تنش آبی در مرحله پس از گلدهی منجر به کاهش وزن دانه، تعداد غلاف در بوته، دانه در غلاف، عملکرد زیست‌توده و شاخص برداشت نخود شد. تنش آبی عملکرد دانه نخود را در همه تیمارها کاهش داد، اما این کاهش در تیمارهای مختلف متفاوت بود. کمترین کاهش عملکرد در تیمار کود زیستی به میزان 27 درصد مشاهده شد. تنش آبی همچنین عملکرد دانه نخود را در تیمار مخلوط نسبت به خالص به مقدار کمتری کاست (به‌ترتیب 24 و 55 درصد). بنابراین، استفاده از کود زیستی در شرایط کمبود آب در مرحله­ی پس از گلدهی پیشنهاد می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 تیر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 آذر 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 08 دی 1401
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 خرداد 1402

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