ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیاسبز و فلفل دلمهای تحت نظامهای کشت مخلوط جایگزینی و افزایشی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی تأثیر آرایش­های کشت مخلوط جایگزینی و افزایشی لوبیاسبز با فلفل دلمه­ای بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد این دو گونه، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1395-1394 در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با شش تیمار و سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل آرایش­های جایگزینی 25 درصد لوبیاسبز+75 درصد فلفل دلمه­ای و 50 درصد لوبیاسبز+50 درصد فلفل دلمه­ای، آرایش­های افزایشی 20 درصد لوبیاسبز+100 درصد فلفل دلمه­ای و 40 درصد لوبیاسبز+100 درصد فلفل دلمه­ای و کشت خالص هر دو گونه بود. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین عملکرد نیام سبز و وزن خشک بوته لوبیاسبز برای کشت خالص به­ترتیب معادل 7/57921 و 03/1051 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین مقادیر در آرایش کشت مخلوط افزایشی 20 درصد لوبیاسبز+100درصد فلفل دلمه­ای به­ترتیب معادل 5/11252 و 8/525 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. همچنین، بالاترین عملکرد میوه فلفل دلمه­ای در کشت خالص و بالاترین وزن خشک بوته فلفل دلمه­ای برای آرایش کشت مخلوط جایگزینی 75درصد فلفل دلمه­ای+25 درصد لوبیاسبز به­ترتیب معادل 7/32766 و 6/7816 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین عملکرد میوه فلفل دلمه­ای در آرایش­های کشت مخلوط جایگزینی 50 درصد فلفل دلمه­ای+50 درصد لوبیاسبز و افزایشی 100درصد فلفل دلمه­ای+20 درصد لوبیاسبز به­ترتیب با 3/21183 و 21886 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین وزن خشک بوته فلفل دلمه­ای برای آرایش کشت مخلوط جایگزینی 50 درصد فلفل دلمه­ای+50 درصد لوبیاسبز با 3/3533 کیلوگرم در هکتار مشاهده گردید. در نهایت بیشترین مقدار نسبت برابری زمین کلی (به­ترتیب 28/1 و 25/1) از آرایش­های کشت مخلوط افزایشی 40 درصد لوبیاسبز+100 درصد فلفل دلمه­ای و جایگزینی 50 درصد لوبیاسبز+50 درصد فلفل دلمه­ای به­دست آمد. بدین منظور می­توان از گیاهان خانواده بقولات در جهت افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک و عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی به­خصوص سبزیجات و صیفی­جات بهره برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of yield and yield components of green bean and bell pepper under replacement and additive intercropping systems

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Koocheki
  • Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati
  • Mohammad Hassan Hatefi Farajian
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]

Introduction
The use of intercropping as an effective component in sustainable agriculture, while increasing the ecological and economic diversity, cause increasing yield per unit area, yield stability under adverse environmental conditions, increasing the quantity and quality of the product, increasing water use efficiency, control of soil erosion, reducing pesticides use and increasing stability in agroecosystems. Plants from the family of legumes are among the plants that have a special place in intercropping because of their nitrogen fixation ability. Usefulness of intercropping cultivation of sweet corn and green bean has been reported to be better than monoculture. This study was designed and conducted with the aim of studying the effect of replacement and additive intercropping green bean with bell pepper on yield, yield components and land equivalent ratio in Mashhad weather conditions.
 
Materials and Methods
The experiment was conducted in 2015-2016 growing season based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Agriculture Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Experimental treatments were 25% green bean+75% bell pepper, 50% green bean+50% bell pepper in replacement intercropping, 20% green bean+100% bell pepper and 40% green bean+100% bell pepper in additive intercropping and monoculture of green bean and bell pepper. Green beans have planted by seed and bell pepper transplants were sown at the same time in June 2016 in rows with a distance of 50 cm. In 4-leaf stage, green bean was thinned with an optimum density of 20 plants per square meter. In addition, the spacing on the row was considered 30 cm for transplants of bell pepper; in this case, its optimum density was 6.66 plant per square meter. At harvest time, green pod yield for green bean, fruit yield for bell pepper, other yield components and plant dry weight for two plants were measured, and land equivalent ratios were also calculated.
 
Results and Discussion
The highest green pod yield and plant dry weight for green bean with 57921.7 and 1051.03 kg ha-1, respectively, was observed in monoculture and the lowest values for 20% green bean+100% bell pepper with 11252.5 and 525.8 kg per ha, respectively. With the increase in the presence of green bean in replacement and additive intercropping, the green pod yield of green bean increased due to increasing of biological nitrogen fixation. For bell pepper, the highest fruit yield with 32766.7 kg ha-1 was observed in monoculture and the highest plant dry weight with 7816.6 kg ha-1 was observed for 75% bell pepper+25% green bean and the lowest fruit yield was obtained for 50% bell pepper+50% green bean and 100% bell pepper+20% green bean with 21183.3 and 21886 kg ha-1, respectively, and the lowest plant dry weight was obtained for 50% bell pepper+50% green bean with 3533.33 kg ha-1. Due to the fact that the highest number of fruits per plant was observed in monoculture of bell pepper, therefore, monoculture has higher fruit yield because it has more space for plants. The highest value of total land equivalent ratio (1.28 and 1.25) was obtained in ratios of 40% green bean+100% bell pepper and 50% green bean+50% bell pepper, respectively, indicating 28 and 25% yield advantage of intercropping compared to pure stands of species of these two plants. The lowest value of total land equivalent ratio (0.86) was observed in ratio of 20% green bean+100% bell pepper.
 
Conclusion
Comparison of different patterns of replacement and additive intercropping showed that cultivation pattern of 25% green bean+75% bell pepper was superior for most of the traits evaluated in green bean and bell pepper compared to other patterns. Additive intercropping pattern of 40% green bean+100% bell pepper had the highest total land equivalent ratio (1.28) which indicate the beneficial effect of mixed cropping pattern over pure cropping. Since green bean through biological nitrogen fixation, leads to reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers, intercropping of this plant with other plants such as bell pepper can increase the resources efficiency and improve yield quantity for bell pepper.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological nitrogen fixation
  • Fruit yield
  • Green pod yield
  • Land equivalent ratio
  • Plant dry weight

مراجع

  1. Abbasi Alikamar, R., Hejazi, A., Akbari, G.A., Kafi, M., and Zand, E. 2006. Study on different densities of cumin and chickpea intercropping. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research 4(1): 83-95. (In Persian with English Summary).
  2. Aghaei, M.A., Fotokian, M.H., and Aghighi Shahverdi, M. 2016. Assessment of yield quantity and quality in intercropping of sorghum with soybean and green bean. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 25(1): 115-130. (In Persian with English Summary).
  3. Alizadeh, Y., Koocheki, A., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2010. Investigating of growth characteristics, yield, yield components and potential weed control in intercropping of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and vegetative sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agroecology 3(2): 383-397. (In Persian with English Summary).
  4. Altieri, M.A. 1999. The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 74: 19-31.
  5. Awasthi, U.D., Tripathi, A.K., Dubey, S.D., and Kumar, S. 2011. Effect of row ratio and fertility levels on growth, productivity, competition and economics in chickpea+fennel intercropping system under scarce moisture condition. Food Legumes 24(3): 211-214.
  6. Bagheri, A., Mahmoodi, A., and Ghezeli, F. 2001. Cultivation and Breeding of B Jahad Daneshgahi of Mashhad Publishers. (In Persian)
  7. Carvalho, L.M., Oliveira, I.R., Almeida, N.A., and Andrade, K.R. 2010. The intercropping of fennel with beans and cowpeas in the agrestic region of Brazil. ISHS Acta Horticulture.
  8. Chalk P.M. 1996. Nitrogen transfer from legumes to cereals in intercropping. In: Proceeding of the International Workshop: Dynamics of Roots and Nitrogen in Cropping Systems of the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, 21-25. November 1994. Pp: 351-374.
  9. Elmore R.W., and Jackops J.A. 1984. Yield and yield components of sorghum and soybean of varying plant height when intercropped. Agronomy Journal 76: 561-564.
  10. Farhoodi, R., Rahnama, A., and Esmaeilzadeh, H. 2003. Location of saffron cultivation in intercropping. Third National Conference of Saffron, December 2-3, 2003. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian with English Summary).
  11. Fateh, M., and Barzegar, T. 2019. The effect of foliar application of Naphthalene Acetic Acid on growth, yield and fruit quality of Sweet Pepper cv. California Wonder. Journal of Vegetables Sciences 3(5): 1-10. (In Persian with English Summary).
  12. Fathollahzadeh Dizaji, R., and Mirshekari, B. 2013. Additive intercropping of marigold (Calendula officinalis) and mung bean (Vigna radiata): a strategy for yield improvement and weeds control. Research in Field Crops 1(2): 56-68. (In Persian with English Summary).
  13. Hamzei, J., and Seyedi, M. 2018. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus ) yield performance under additive intercropping with Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and different tillage systems. Journal of Agroecology 10(2): 416-429. (In Persian with English Summary).
  14. Hashemi Dezfoli, A., Koocheki, A., and Bannayan, M. 1998. Maximizing Crop Y Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press. (In Persian).
  15. Henareh, M., Jodae, A., Hasanii, Gh., and Anvieh, L. 2011. Study on yield and profitability of tomato at intercropping with snap bean. Applied Field Crops Research 89: 79-86. (In Persian with English Summary).
  16. Hulet, H., and Gosseye, P. 2000. Effect of intercropping cowpea on dry-matter and grain yield of millet in the semi-arid zone of Mail, http://www.fao.org/Wairdocs/ILRI/x5488E/x5488e0r.Htm.
  17. Jahani, M., Koocheki, A., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2008. Comparison of different intercropping arrangements of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and lentil (Lens culinaris). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 6(1): 67-78. (In Persian with English Summary).
  18. Eskandari, H., and Javanmard, A. 2014. Evaluation of forage yield and quality in intercropping patterns of maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 23(4): 101-110. (In Persian with English Summary).
  19. Jokar M., Ghanbari A., and Ghadiri H. 2005. Investigation of intercropping corn and cucumbers and its effect on weed control. MSc. Thesis of Agriculture. University of Zabol, Iran. (In Persian).
  20. Kashiri, H., Kashiri, M., Zeinali, E., and Bagheri, M. 2007. Investigating effects of row spacing and plant density on yield and yield components of three soybean cultivars in summer cultivation. Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources 13(2): 147-156. (In Persian with English Summary).
  21. Khajehpoor, G., Hassandokht, M.R., Hassanpoor, A., and Ahmadpoor, A. 2011. Effect of pruning and plant density on yield and yield components of greenhouse bell pepper. 7th Iranian Horticultural Science Congress, September 5-8, 2011. Isfahan University of Technology. (In Persian with English Summary).
  22. Khamooshi, A. 2014. Effects of planting ratio in intercropping of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and fennel (Foenicolum vulgare Mill.) in an additive and substitution experiment on species growth and yield. MSc. Thesis of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary).
  23. Kiani, S., Moradi Telavat, M.R., Siadat, S.A., Ebdali Mashhadi, A.R., and Sari, M. 2014. Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative of forage yield in intercropping of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) at different levels of nitrogen. Journal of Agricultural Crop Management 16(4): 973-986. (In Persian with English Summary).
  24. Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., and Nadjafi, F. 2004. The agrobiodiversity of medicinal and aromatic plants in Iran. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 2(2): 208-216. (In Persian with English Summary).
  25. Long, J., Cromwell, E., and Gold, K. 2000. On-farm management of crop diversity: an introductory bibliography. The Schumacher Centre for Technology and Development. oneworld.org.
  26. Mahdvi Damghani, A., Koocheki, A., and Zand, E. 2006. Design and ecosystem management in sustainable agriculture. Key Articles of the 9th Iranian Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, August 27-29, 2006. Abureyhan Campus of University of Tehran, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary).
  27. Mansoori, L., Jamshidi, Kh., Rastgoo, M., Saba, j., and Mansoori, H. 2013. The Effect of additive intercropping of corn and bean on yield, yield components and weed control in climatic condition of Zanjan. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 11(3): 483-492. (In Persian with English Summary).
  28. Mardani, F., Balouchi, H.R., Yadavi, A., and Salehi, A. 2015. Effect of row intercropping patterns on yield, yield components, and weed control of fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgreacum) and anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 13(3): 623-636. (In Persian with English Summary).
  29. Mazaheri, D. 1994. Intercropping. University of Tehran Press. (In Persian).
  30. Mclaughlin A., and Minrau, P. 1995. The impact of agricultural practices on biodiversity. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 55: 201-212.
  31. Mobasser, H., Barjasteh, S.H., and Keshtehgar, A. 2018. Effect of replacement and additive intercropping on the yield of maize (Zea mays ) and potatoes (Solanuum tuberosum L.) in the region of Nikshahr. Journal of Agroecology 10(2): 400-415. (In Persian with English Summary).
  32. Muoneke, C.O., and Mbah, E.U. 2007. Productivity of Cassava with Okra intercropping systems as influenced by okra planting density. African Journal of Agricultural Research 2(5): 223-231.
  33. Muoneke, C.O., and Ndukwe, O. 2008. Effects of plant population and spatial arrangement on the productivity of Okra/Amaranthus intercropping system. Agronomy Science 7(1): 54-66.
  34. Najafi, E., and Mohammadi, J. 2005. Study of yield and its components in sweet maize and green bean intercropping. Articles of the First National Congress of Beans. November 20-21, 2005. Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary).
  35. Najibnia, S., Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., and Porsa, H. 2014. Water captures efficiency, use efficiency and productivity in sole cropping and intercropping of rapeseed, bean and corn. European Journal of Sustainable Development 3(4): 347-358.
  36. Ottman, M.J., and Welch, L.F. 1989. Planting patterns and radiation interception, plant nutrient concentration and yield in corn. Agronomy Journal 81: 167-174.
  37. Piri, I., Zendehdel, B., and Tavassoli, A. 2017. Study of agronomical and ecological parameters of additive and replacement intercropping systems of Corn (Zea maize) and Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Journal of Agroecology 9(3): 705-721. (In Persian with English Summary).
  38. Pooramir, A., Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., and Ghorbani, R. 2010. Evaluation of yield and yield components of Sesame and Chickpea in intercropping of replacement series. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 8(5): 757-767. (In Persian with English Summary).
  39. Raei, Y., Bolandnazar, S.A., and Dameghsi, N. 2011. Evaluation of common Bean and Potato densities effects on potato tuber yield in mono-cropping and intercropping s Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 21(2): 131-142. (In Persian with English Summary).
  40. Rezvan Beidokhti, S.H. 2004. Comparison of various combinations of maize and bean in intercropping. MSc. Thesis Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian with English Summary).
  41. Rezvani Moghadam, P., Raoofi, M.R., Rashed Mohassel, M.H., and Moradi, R. 2009. Evaluation of sowing patterns and weed control on mung bean (Vigna radiate Wilczek)-black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) intercropping system. Journal of Agroecology 1(1): 65-79. (In Persian with English Summary).
  42. Saime, J., Willey, R.W., and Morse, S. 1998. The response of maize/bean intercropping to applied nitrogen on oxisols in northern Zambia. Crop Science 11: 45-52.
  43. Salehi, Y., Zarehaghi, D., Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab, A., and Neyshabouri, M.R. 2018. The effect of intercropping and deficit irrigation on the water use efficiency and yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) and Basil (Ocimum basilicum). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 28(3): 209-220. (In Persian with English Summary).
  44. Tsubo, M., Walker, S., and Ogindo, H.O. 2004. A simulation model of cereal-legume intercropping systems for semiarid regions I. Model development. Field Crops Research 90: 48-61.
  45. Tuna, C., and Orak, A. 2007. The role of intercropping on yield potential of common vetch (Vicia sativa )/ oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivated in pure stand and mixtures. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 2: 14-19.
  46. Valizadegan, A. 2015. Study of yield quality and quantiting in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis ) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and species diversity and relative abundance of insects in row and strip intercropping. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 25(3): 15-30. (In Persian with English Summary).
  47. Vandermeer, J.H. 1989. The Ecology of Intercropping, Cambridge University Press.
  48. Wahua, T.A.J., and Miller, D.A. 1978. Relative yield totals and yield components of intercropped sorghum and soybean. Agronomy Journal 10: 287-291.
  49. Wahua, T.A.J., Babaloia, O., Akenova, M.E. 1981. Intercropping morphologically different type of maize with cowpea: LER and growth attributes of associated cowpea. Experimental Agriculture 17: 407-413.
  50. Yildirim, E., and Guvence, I. 2005. Intercropping based on cauliflower: more productive, profitable and highly sustainable. European Journal of Agronomy 22: 11-18.

Zaefarian, F., and Bagheri Shirvan, M. 2014. Effect of different intercropping ratios on soybean, basil and European borage. Agricultural Crop Management 16(1): 197-214. (In Persian with English Summary).

ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
CAPTCHA Image

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار