بررسی تأثیر کودهای آلی، زیستی و شیمیایی بر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی و کیفی علوفه عدس (Lens culinaris Medik.) در شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ارومیه

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی

چکیده

این بررسی بـه صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ارومیه اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل عدم آبیاری و یک‌بار آبیاری تکمیلی به عنوان فاکتور اول و تیمار کاربرد منابع کودی شامل کود شیمیایی (100 درصد)،کود زیستی (فسفاته بارور2+ازتو باکتر)، کود دامی، تیمارهای تلفیقی 50درصد کود شیمیایی+کود زیستی، 100 درصد کود شیمیایی+کود دامی،کود زیستی+کود دامی، 50 درصد کود شیمیایی+زیستی+کود دامی و تیمار شاهد به عنوان فاکتور دوم بود. نتایج نشان داد که با انجام آبیاری تکمیلی درصد پروتئین، خاکستر علوفه، کربوهیدرات محلول در آب، ماده خشک قابل‌هضم و فعالیت آنزیم گلوتاتیون ردوکتاز عدس افزایش نشان داد؛ اما بیشترین میزان الیاف نامحلول شوینده‌های خنثی و اسیدی در شرایط دیم به‌دست آمد. بیشترین درصد پروتئین، خاکستر علوفه، کربوهیدرات محلول در آب، ماده خشک قابل‌هضم و فعالیت آنزیم گلوتاتیون ردوکتاز در تیمار تلفیقی 50 درصد کود شیمیایی+زیستی+کود دامی مشاهده گردید. کاربرد منابع مختلف کودی موجب افزایش محتوای رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و میزان فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در هر یک از شرایط آبیاری شد. حداکثر عملکرد علوفه و عملکرد پروتئین بترتیب 52/1460 و 38/336 کیلوگرم درهکتار در تیمار 50 درصد کود شیمیایی+کود زیستی+کود دامی در آبیاری تکمیلی حاصل شد. بنابراین، با مدیریت درست و استفاده تلفیقی کودهای آلی، زیستی و شیمیایی تحت شرایط مراحل بحرانی رشد گیاه، می‌توان به عملکرد اقتصادی بهتری تحت شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی دست یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


  1. Abdel-Sabor, M.F., and El-Seoud, M.A.A. 1996. Effects of organic waste compost addition on sesams growth yield and chemical composition. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 6(2-3): 157-164.
  2. Aboutalebi, M.H., Hasanzadeh Ghorttapeh, A., and Fayaz Moghadam, 2020. Evaluation the effect of drought stress on agrophydiological traits of corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars in Khoy condition. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology 14(1): 85-100. (In Persian).
  3. Agazadeh, N., Hassanzadeh Ghorttapeh A., and Sharafi, 2018. The effect of soil amendments on the grain yield andgrain nutrient uptake of Salsola plant in the bed of Urmia Lake. Journal of Applied Ecology 7(1): 55-67. (In Persian).
  4. Ahmad, A.H., Wahid, A., Khalidg, F., Fiaz, N., and Zamir, M.S.I. 2011. Impact of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of forage oat (Avena sativa). Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 44(3): 39-49.
  5. Alloway, B.J. 2008. Zinc in Soil and Crop Nutrition. Second Edition, Published by International Zinc Association and International Fertilizer Industry Association, Brussels, Belgium and Paris, France. 136p.
  6. Amirnia, R., Ghiyasi, M., Moghaddam, S.S., Rahimi, A., Damalas, C.A., and Heydarzadeh, S. 2019. Nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria plus mycorrhizal fungi improve seed yield and quality traits of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 19(3): 1-11.
  7. Bilal, M., Ayub, M., Tariq, M., Tahir, M., and Nadeem, M.A. 2017. Dry matter yield and forage quality traits of oat (Avena sativa) under integrative use of microbial and synthetic source of nitrogen. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 16: 236-241.
  8. Daneshnia, F., Amini, A., and Chaichi, M.R. 2016. Berseem clover quality and basil essential oil yield in intercropping system under limited irrigation treatments with surfactant. Agricultural Water Management 164: 331-339.
  9. Farahani, S.M., and Chaichi, M.R. 2013. Whole forage barley crop quality as affected by different deficit irrigation and fertilizing systems. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 44(20): 2961-2973.
  10. Hamzei, J., and Sadeghi Meabadi, F. 2014. The effect of irrigation intervals and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on chlorophyll index, yield and yield components of grain sorghum. Journal of Crop Production and Processing 12(4): 211-220. (In Persian).
  11. Hasanzadeh Gorttapeh, A., and Zahedmanesh, M. 2006. Effects of fertilizers systems on quality and quantity of oil from different sunflower cultivars. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology 7(4): 891-895.
  12. Jalilian, J., and Heydarzadeh, S. 2017. Assessment of changes in grain yield, its components and weed suppression capabilities of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions. Rainfed Agriculture 6(1): 67-85. (In Persian).
  13. Jasim, A.H., Merhij, E.I., Atab, H.A., and Abdalwahed, S.H. 2018. Effect of chemical and organic fertilizers and interactions with high potash and silicon spraying on Vicia faba antioxidants in salinity soil. Indian Journal of Ecology 45(4): 802-805.
  14. Li, H., Li, L., Wegenast, T., Longin, C.F., Xu, X., Melchinger, A.E., and Chen, S. 2010. Effect of N supply on stalk quality in maize hybrids. Field Crops Research 118(3): 208-214.
  15. Lithourgidis, A.S., Vasilakoglou, I.B., Dhima, K.V., Dordas, C.A., and Yiakoulaki, M.D., 2006. Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios. Field Crops Reserch 99: 106-
  16. Liu, J., Xie, X., Du, J., Sun, J., and Bai, X. 2008. Effects of simultaneous drought and heat stress on Kentucky bluegrass. Horticultural Science 115:190-
  17. Maehly, A.C., and Chance, B. 1959. The assay of catalase and peroxidase. In: D. Glick (Ed). Methods of Biochemical Analysis. Interscience Publishers, New York, 357-425 pp.
  18. Martínez-López, J.R., Vázquez-Alvarado, R.E., Gutiérrez-Ornelas, E., Del Río, M.A.P., López Cervantes, R., Olivares-Sáenz, E., Vidales-Contreras, J.A., and Valdez-Cepeda, R.D. 2009. Mycorrhiza effect on nutritional quality andbiomass production of Agave (Agave americana) and Cactus pear (Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm.). Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development 11: 69-77.
  19. Mohammadi, Kh., and Sohrabi, Y. 2012. Bacteral biofertilizer for sustainable crop production: A r Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 5 (7): 307-316.
  20. Mutumba, F.A., Zagal, E., Gerding, M., Castillo-Rosales, D., Paulino, L., and Schoebitz, M. 2018. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for improved water stress tolerance in wheat genotypes. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 5: 76-88.
  21. Nasri, R., Heydari Moghaddam, A., Sayyadat, S., Paknejad, F., and Sadiqi Shoa, M. 2012. Path analysis of traits correlation and supplemental irrigation on yield and yield components of chickpea in Ilam. Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 8(2): 161-172. (In Persian).
  22. Oweis, T., and Hachum, A. 2006. Water harvesting and supplemental irrigation for improved water productivity of dry farming systems in West Asia and North Africa. Agricultural Water Management 80: 57-73.
  23. Panday, S.C., Choudhary, M., Singh, S., Meena, V.S., Mahanta, D., Yadav, R.P., Pattanayak, A., and Bisht, J.K. 2018. Increasing farmer’s income and water use efficiency as affected by long-term fertilization under a rainfed and supplementary irrigation in a soybean-wheat cropping system of Indian mid-Himalaya. Field Crops Research 219: 214-221.
  24. Pholsen, S., and Suksri, A. 2004. Effect of organic amendment and chemical fertilizer on growth, yield and fodder quality of a forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 7(4): 651-657.
  25. Rahimi, A., Moghaddam, S.S., Ghiyasi, M., Heydarzadeh, S., Ghazizadeh, K., and Popović-Djordjević, J. 2019. The influence of chemical, organic and biological fertilizers on agrobiological and antioxidant properties of Syrian Cephalaria (Cephalaria syriaca). Agriculture 9(6): 122-137.
  26. Rai, S.N., and Gaur, A.C. 1988. Characterization of Azotobacter Effect of Azotobacter and Azospirillum as inoculant on the yield and N-uptake of wheat crop. Plant and Soil 34: 131-134
  27. Sardrood, S.N.E., Raei, Y., Pirouz, A.B., and Shokati, B. 2013. Effect of chemical fertilizers and bio-fertilizers application on some morpho-physiological characteristics of forage sorghum. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production 4(2): 223-231.
  28. Seyed Sharifi, R., Hasani, S., and Sedghi, M. 2014. Study of effects of integrated biological and chemical fertilizers on fertilizer use efficiency, grain yield and related traits to grain growth of barley (Hordeum vulgaris). Rainfed Agriculture 2(1): 61-95. (In Persian).
  29. Suryapani, S., Umar, S., Malik, A., and Ahmad, A. 2013. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by lentil improves biochemical characteristics and yield of intercropped wheat under low fertilizer input. Journal of Crop Improvement 27(1): 53-66.
  30. Swidzinski, J.A., Leaver, C.J., and Sweetlove, L.J. 2004. A proteomic analysis of plant programmed cell death. Photochem 65: 1829-1838.
  31. Tavassoli, A., Ghanbari, A., Amiri, E., and Paygozar, Y. 2010. Effect of municipal wastewater with manure and fertilizer on yield and quality characteristics of forage in corn. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(17): 2515-2520.
  32. Ullah, M.A. 2010. Forage Production in Panicum Grass-legumes Intercropping by Combining Geometrical Configuration, Inoculation and Fertilizer under Rainfed Conditions. Kassel University Press GmbH, 57-62 pp.
  33. Wani, S.A., Chand, S., Wani, M.A., Ramzan, M., and Hakeem, K.R. 2016. Azotobacter chroococcum–a potential biofertilizer in agriculture: an overview. In: Soil Science: Agricultural and Environmental Prospectives. Springer, Cham. 333-348 pp.
  34. Yolcu, H., Gunes, A., Gullap, M.K., and Cakmakci, R. 2012. Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on some morphologic characteristics, yield and quality contents of Hungarian vetch. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 17(2): 208-214.
CAPTCHA Image