بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و فلوئورسانس کلروفیل گیاهچه های لوبیا قرمز (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

خشکی یکی از مهم ترین عوامل محدود کنندة رشد و عملکرد گیاهان در بسیاری از مناطق دنیا است. به‌منظور بررسی اثرات تنش خشکی بر برخی صفات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک لوبیا، آزمایشی با دو رقم لوبیاقرمز
(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (درخشان و گلی) در چهار تیمار تنش خشکی شامل 25، 50، 75 و شاهد100درصد ظرفیت زراعی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که صفات مورفولوژیک مورد بررسی از قبیل ارتفاع گیاه، سطح برگ، سطح ریشه، مجموع طول ریشه ها و نیز وزن‌خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه در شرایط تنش خشکی به‌طور معنی داری تحت تأثیر تنش خشکی کاهش یافت (p≤0.01). همچنین نتایج نشان داد که صفات فیزیولوژیک بررسی‌شده از قبیل محتوای آب نسبی برگ (RWC)، شاخص پایداری غشاء (MSI)، میزان کارآیی فتوسیستمII (Fv/Fm) و عملکرد کوانتومی‌فتوسنتز (Y) به‌طور معنی داری تحت تأثیر تنش خشکی کاهش یافتند (p≤0.01)؛ ولی مقاومت روزنه ای و شاخص کلروفیل (SPAD) در گیاهچه های لوبیا به‌طور معنی داری افزایش یافت (p≤0.01). میزان افزایش نسبت ریشه به اندام هوایی رقم درخشان در تنش شدید (25‌درصد ظرفیت زراعی) نسبت به شاهد بیشتر از گلی بود. مقادیر RWC، MSI و Fv/Fm در تنش شدید نسبت به شاهد در رقم گلی کاهش بیشتری از درخشان نشان داد. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که رقم درخشان احتمالاً از طریق بکارگیری مکانیسم های مختلف تحمل به خشکی نسبت به رقم گلی تا حدی کمتر تحت تأثیر تنش خشکی قرار گرفت. اغلب صفات فیزیولوژیک رقم درخشان، در سطح خشکی 75‌درصد ظرفیت زراعی و شاهد تفاوت معنی داری نداشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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