عملکرد گیاه لوبیا به دلیل رشد کم در ابتدای فصل رشد، تحت تأثیر رقابت علفهایهرز به شدت کاهش مییابد. با توجه به پژوهشهای محدود در زمینه تأثیر رقابت علفهایهرز بر صفات فیزیولوژیک لوبیا، آزمایشی برای بررسی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک سه رقم لوبیاقرمز با دو عادت رشدی نیمهرونده و ایستاده در رقابت با علفهایهرز در مزرعه آزمایشی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام در بهار و تابستان 1396 انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با دو عامل، رقم در سه سطح (صیاد، درخشان و لاین D81083) و رقابت علفهایهرز در دو سطح (عاری از علفهایهرز و تداخل تمام فصل علفهایهرز) و با سه تکراراجرا شد. صفتهای ارتفاع بوته، زیستتوده، میزان کلروفیل a، b، میزان کلروفیل کل، آنتوسیانین و کاروتنوئید در سه مرحله V4 (سومین برگ سهبرگچهای)، R6 (گلدهی) و R7 (غلافدهی) و صفتهای عملکرد دانه، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف و وزن100دانه در مرحله رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که در بین سه رقم مورد مطالعه لاین D81083 با رشد ایستاده قدرت رقابتی بالاتری با علفهایهرز دارد و بیشترین میزان ارتفاع بوته، زیستتوده، تعداد غلاف در بوته، وزن100دانه و عملکرد دانه را داشت. تداخل علفهایهرز باعث کاهش تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن100دانه، تعداد غلاف در بوته و عملکرد دانه به ترتیب به میزان ، 18/30، 71/22، 42/27 و 24/42 درصد شد. از طرف دیگر، صفتهای فیزیولوژیک مانند آنتوسیانین، کاروتنوئید در مرحله V4 تحت تأثیر رقم و رقابت علفهایهرز قرار نگرفتند، اما در مرحلهR7، اثر اصلی رقم و رقابت علفهایهرز و در مرحلهR6 اثر اصلی رقابت علفهایهرز بر صفتهای آنتوسیانین و کاروتنوئید معنیدار بود. شاخص رقابت در بین سه رقم مورد مطالعه در سطح 5درصد معنیدار بود و لاین D81083 با مقدار 81/1 بیشترین شاخص را داشت. بهطور کلی میتوان نتیجه گرفت که کشت لاین D81083 با قدرت رقابتی بالاتر و داشتن خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی بهتر نسبت به سایر ارقام در مقابل علفهایهرز، به عنوان یک راهکار غیرشیمیایی برای مدیریت علفهایهرز در مزارع لوبیا قابل توصیه میباشد.
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