بررسی اثر تنش شوری بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) رقم آزاد

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

تنش شوری از تنش­های مهم غیرزیستی است که اثرات زیانباری بر عملکرد گیاه و کیفیت محصول دارد. خسارت شوری در گیاهان از طریق بروز تنش یونی و اسمزی است که ضمن تأثیر منفی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد، بسیاری فرآیندهای دخیل در رشد و نمو گیاهان را تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهد. به منظور بررسی تأثیر شوری بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و غلظت عناصر سدیم و پتاسیم بر گیاه نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) رقم آزاد، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند با چهار تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای شوری خاک از منبع کلرید سدیم شامل 1، 3، 5، 7 و 9‌دسی زیمنس بر متر بود. بر اساس نتایج آزمایش، شوری اثر منفی بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ و سطح برگ نخود داشت، به­طوری­که بیشترین سطح شوری (9دسی زیمنس بر متر) در این آزمایش نسبت به شاهد به‌ترتیب موجب کاهش 44/22‌درصدی ارتفاع، 84/15‌درصدی تعداد برگ، 36/58‌درصدی سطح برگ، 72/59‌درصدی غلظت پتاسیم برگ و افزایش 75/76‌درصدی غلظت سدیم برگ شد. همچنین اثر شوری بر اجزای عملکرد در این آزمایش نشان داد که افزایش شوری از یک به 9دسی­زیمنس بر متر به‌ترتیب باعث کاهش 33/33‌درصدی تعداد غلاف بارور، 83/59‌درصدی عملکرد دانه در بوته، 44/44‌درصدی وزن 100دانه و 34/39‌درصدی وزن خشک کل نخود شد. بیشترین اثرات شوری بر صفات اندازه­گیری‌شده نخود در این آزمایش در شوری 7دسی زیمنس بر متر مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مراجع

  1. Aminpanah, H., and Soroushzadeh, A. 2005. Study of effect of calcium on the distribution of sodium and potassium nitrate in rice seedlings under salinity conditions. Journal of Biology 18(2): 92-100. (In Persian with English Summary).
  2. Archangi, A., Khodambashi, M., and Mohammadkhani, A. 2012. The effect of salt stress on morphological characteristics and Na+, K+ and Ca+ ion contents in medicinal plant fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) under hydroponic culture. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture 3(10): 33-41. (In Persian with English Summary).
  3. Arefian, M., Vesal, S., Bagheri, A., and Ganjeali, A. 2012. Evaluation of some morpho-physiological characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under salt stress. 1th National Conference on Plant Stress (Abiotic), 31 Oct.-1 Nov. 2012. University of Isfahan. (In Persian).
  4. Asha Dhingra, H.R. 2007. Salinity mediated changes in yield and nutritive value of chickpea (Cicer arietinum ) seeds. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 12(3): 271-275.
  5. Ashraf, M., Bokhari, M.H., and Mehmood, S. 1989. Effect of four different salts on germination and seedling growth of four Brassica Journal Biologia 35: 173-187.
  6. Ashraf, M., and McNeilly, T. 2004. Salinity tolerance in Brassica Plant Science 23: 157-174.
  7. Ashrafuzzaman, M., Halim Khan, M.A., and Shahidullah, S.M. 2002. Vegetative growth of maize (Zea mays) as affected by a range of salinity. Crops Research Hisar 24: 286-291.
  8. Baghalian, K., Haghiry, A., Naghavi, M.R., and Mohammadi, A. 2008. Effect of saline irrigation on agronomical and phytochemical characters of chamomile (Matricaria recutita ). Scientia Horticulturae 116: 437-441.
  9. Bandeoglu, E., Egidogan, F., Yucel, M., and Avni Oktem, H. 2004. Antioxidant responses of shoots and roots of lentil to NaCl-salinity stress. Plant Growth Regulation 42: 69-77.
  10. Beinsan, C., Camen, D., Sumalan, R., and Babau, M. 2009. Study concerning salt stress effect on leaf area dynamics and chlorophyll content in four bean local landraces from Banat area. In: Prociding of the 44th Croatian & 4th International Symposium on Agriculture. p. 416-419.
  11. Benlloch, M., Ojeda, M.A., Ramos, J., and Rodriguez-Navarro, A. 1994. Salt sensitivity and low discrimination between potassium and sodium in bean plants. Plant and Soil 166: 117-123.
  12. C.A., Fanning C., and Fanning, C. 1992. Soil-Plant Relationship. Krier pub .co., USA 332p.
  13. Boem, F.H.G., Scheiner, J.D., and Lavadi, R.S. 1994. Some effect of soil salinity on growth, development and yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus ). Crop Science 137: 182-187.
  14. Cicek, N., and Cakirlar, H. 2002. The effect of salinity on some physiological parameters in two maize cultivar. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology 28(1-2): 66-74.
  15. Delgado, I.C., and Sanchezraya, A.J. 1996. Effect of NaCl on some physiological parameters in sunflower (Helianthus annuus ) seedlings. American Society of Agronomy 25: 284-292.
  16. , 2011. Land and plant nutrition management service. Available on line at: http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/ spush. Accessed 25 November 2011.
  17. Francois, L.E., Grieve, C.M., Mass, E.V., and Lesch, S.M. 1994. Time of salt stress affects growth and yield components of irrigated wheat. Agronomy Journal 86: 100-107.
  18. Gama, P.B., Inanaga, S., Tanaka, K., Nakazawa, R. 2007. Physiological response of common bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris ) seedlings to salinity stress. African Journal of Biotechnology 6: 79-88.
  19. Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Nikpour-Rashidabad, N., and Zehtab-Salmasi, S. 2012. Effect of salt stress on leaf area index, plant biomass and grain yield of Pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). 12th Iranian Congress of Crop Sciences. September 4-6, 2012. Islamic Azad University of Karaj. (In Persian).
  20. Grieve, C.M., Lesch, S.M., Francois, L.E., and Maas, E.V. 1992. Analysis of main-spike yield components in salt-stressed wheat. Crop Science 32: 697-703.
  21. Hamada, A.M., and EL-Enany, A.E. 1994. Effect of NaCl salinity on growth, pigment and mineral element contents, and gas exchange of broad bean and pea plants. Biologia Plantarum 36: 75-81.
  22. Holmstrom, K., Somersalo, S., mandal, A., Palva, T.E., and Welin, B. 2000. Improved tolerance to salinity and low temperature in transgenic tobacco producing glycine betaine. Journal of Experimental Botany 51(343):177-185.
  23. Jomea-Bidokhti, A. 2013. The study of growth characteristics, yield and grain yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cultivars under the effect salinity. MSc Thesis. University of Birjand Iran. (In Persian).
  24. Jose, A,I. 2002. Package of Practices Recommendations: Crops 12th Edition, Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, Kerala. India. 278p.
  25. Kafi, M., Bagheri, A., Nabati, J., Zare Mehrjerdi, M., and Masoumi, A. 2011. Effect of salinity on some physiological variables of 11 chickpea genotypes under hydroponic conditions. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture 1(4): 55-70.
  26. Mahmood, S., Iram, S., and Athar, H.R. 2003. Intra- specific variability in sesame (Sesamum indicum) for various quantitive and qualitive attributes under differential salt regimes. Journal of Research (Science) 14(2): 177-186.
  27. Mansour, M.M., Stadelmann, E.J., and Lee-Stadelmann, O.Y. 1993. Salt acclimation of Triticum aestivum by coline chloride: plant growth, mineral content and permeability. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 31(3): 341-348.
  28. Mengel, K., and Kirkby, E.A. 2001. Principles of Plant Nutrition. 5th, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, ISBN: 1402000081.
  29. Munns, R. 2005. Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together. New Phytologist 167(3): 645-663.
  30. Munns, R., and Tester, M. 2008. Mechanism of salinity tolerance. The Annual Review of Plant Biology 59: 651-681.
  31. Neumann, P. 1997. Salinity resistance and plant growth revisited. Plant Cell E 20: 1193-1198.
  32. Roy, F., Boye, J., and Simpson, B. 2010. Bioactive proteins and peptides in pulse crops: pea, chickpea and lentil. Food Research International 43: 432-442.
  33. Sadikia, M., and Rabihb, K. 2001. Selection of chickpea (Cicer arietinum ) for yield and symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability under salt stress. Agronomie 21: 659-666.
  34. Shabala, A.J., and Al_Azawi, S.K. 2000. Occurrance of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in some Iraqi Soils. Plant and Soil 117: 135-141.
  35. Sharma, D., and Judha, N.S. 1984. Pulse Production in Semi-Arid Regions of India. Oxford Publishing Company.
  36. Stephen, R.G. 2002. Irrigation Water Salinity and Crop P University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 98066. http://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu/pdf/8066.pdf.
  37. Stoeva, N., and Kaymakanova, M. 2008. Effect of salt stress on the growth and photosynthesis rate of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris ). Central Europe Agriculture 9: 385-392.
  38. Summart, J., Thanonkeo, P., Panichajakul, S., Prathepha, P., and Mc Manse, M.T. 2010. Effect of salt sress on growth, inorganic ion and proline accumulation in Thai aromatic rice, Kaho Dawk Mail 105. Callus Culture 9(2): 145- 152.
  39. Turan, M.A., Elkiram, A.H.A., Taban, N., and Tban, S. 2009. Effect of salt stress on growth, stomatal resistance, proline and chlorophyll concentrations in maize plant. African Journal of Agricultural Research 4(9): 893-897.
  40. Zibai, S., Rahimi, A., and Dashti, H. 2012. Effects of seed priming on growth, chlorophyll content, relative water content and dry matter distribution of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, cv. Gholdasht) under salinity stress. Journal of Crop Production and Processing 2(5): 47-59. (In Persian with English Summary).
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
CAPTCHA Image

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 بهمن 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 24 بهمن 1394
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 دی 1397

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار