اثر محلول‌پاشی سایکوسل بر ویژگی‌های کمّی مرتبط با عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های ماش (Vigna radiata) در شرایط تنش رطوبتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، گروه پژوهشی گیاه و تنش‌‌های محیطی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

در ایران، خشکی به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین عامل محدودکننده تولیدات زراعی مطرح است و برای دستیابی به عملکرد مناسب، گیاهان زراعی باید قادر به تحمل این دوره خشکی باشند. به‌منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی سایکوسل بر صفات کمّی مرتبط با عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های ماش تحت تأثیر تنش رطوبتی، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1401-1400 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا شد. در این آزمایش، سطوح آبیاری در سه سطح شامل، بدون تنش (آبیاری بر اساس 100 درصد نیاز آبی ‌گیاه)، تنش ملایم (آبیاری بر اساس 75 درصد نیاز آبی ‌گیاه) و تنش شدید (آبیاری بر اساس 50 درصد نیاز آبی ‌گیاه) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و سطوح محلول‌پاشی سایکوسل در سه سطح شامل، عدم محلول‌پاشی، 400 و 800 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و ژنوتیپ‌های ماش شامل توده هندی و رقم زربخش به‌صورت فاکتوریل به‌عنوان عوامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که برهم‌کنش تنش رطوبتی، محلول‌پاشی سایکوسل و ژنوتیپ بر تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن 1000 دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی و شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار بودند. تنش شدید موجب کاهش تعداد غلاف در بوته (27 درصد)، تعداد دانه در غلاف (25 درصد)، وزن 1000 دانه (23 درصد)، عملکرد دانه (57 درصد) و شاخص برداشت (42 درصد) شد. در بین ارقام ماش مورد بررسی، رقم زربخش در تحمل شرایط کمبود آب نسبت به توده هندی برتری نشان داد، به‌طوری‌که وزن 1000 دانه رقم زربخش و توده هندی در شرایط تنش شدید رطوبتی به‌ترتیب کاهش 15 و 21 درصدی را نشان دادند. محلول‌پاشی سایکوسل 800 میلی‌گرم در لیتر ضمن کاهش اثرات ناشی از کمبود رطوبت موجب افزایش تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن 1000 دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی و شاخص برداشت، نسبت به تیمار عدم محلول‌پاشی گردید. بیشترین وزن 1000 دانه (5/60 گرم) در تیمار بدون تنش و مصرف محلول‌پاشی سایکوسل 800 میلی‌گرم در لیتر حاصل شد. به‌طور کلی، عملکرد و صفات مرتبط با آن در شرایط تنش شدید کاهش یافت. همچنین به نظر می‌رسد، مصرف سایکوسل در شرایط تنش خشکی باعث تطابق‌پذیری بهتر ماش می‌شود.

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