تأثیر آبیاری تکمیلی، زمان و روش‏های کاربرد کود آهن بر خصوصیات کمّی و کیفی گیاه نخود زراعی (Cicer arietinum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• لقمان احمدی ¹
• مختار قبادی ¹
• محسن سعیدی ¹
• جلال قادری ²

¹ گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

² مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران

10.22067/ijpr.v10i2.68262

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر آبیاری تکمیلی، زمان و روش‏های کاربرد کود آهن بر عملکرد دانه، اجزای عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات کیفی دانه نخود زراعی، آزمایشی در سال زراعی91-1390 در دانشگاه رازی واقع در کرمانشاه اجرا گردید. آزمایش به‏صورت کرت‏های یک‏بار خُردشده انجام شد. شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی و همچنین زمان و نحوة کاربرد کود آهن به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی در هشت سطح شامل عدم مصرف کود آهن (Fe₁)، خاک‌‏کاربرد (Fe₂)، محلول‌پاشی در مرحله شاخه‏دهی (Fe₃)، محلول‌پاشی در مرحلة گلدهی (Fe₄)، محلول‌پاشی در مرحلة غلاف‏بندی (Fe₅)، خاک‏کاربرد+محلول‌پاشی در مرحلة شاخه‏دهی (Fe₆)، خاک‏کاربرد+محلول‌پاشی در مرحلة گلدهی (Fe₇) و خاک‏کاربرد+محلول‌پاشی در مرحلة غلاف‏بندی (Fe₈) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که از نظر اکثر صفات مورد بررسی، آبیاری تکمیلی نسبت به شرایط دیم برتری داشت (به‌جُز میزان پروتئین دانه). تأثیر مثبت آبیاری تکمیلی روی عملکرد دانه عمدتاً از طریق افزایش تعداد غلاف در بوته و وزن100دانه بود. مصرف کود آهن بر صفات مهمی چون عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، تعداد دانه در غلاف، میزان آهن دانه و درصد پروتئین دانه اثر معنی‏داری داشت. تیمارFe₇ از نظر عملکرد دانه (1614‌کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (3683‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) و درصد پروتئین دانه (7/27‌درصد)، بیشترین مقادیر را به خود اختصاص داد، هرچند میزان آهن دانه در تیمار Fe₈ (66میلی‏گرم در‌کیلوگرم) بیشتر بود. جهت ارتقاء عملکرد کمّی و کیفی نخود در شرایط اقلیمی غرب ایران، انجام آبیاری تکمیلی در مراحل گلدهی و غلاف‏بندی و همچنین مصرف کود آهن در دو مرحله خاک کاربرد و محلول‌پاشی در مرحله گلدهی قابل‌توصیه می‏باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آبیاری تکمیلی
• آهن دانه
• اجزای عملکرد
• پروتئین دانه
• عملکرد دانه

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