تأثیر پرایمینگ بذر و گیاه بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) رقم سان‌رایز تحت تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مهاباد، مهاباد، ایران

2 گروه علمی علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تنش کم‌آبی و تنظیم‌کننده­های رشد بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیا رقم سان‌رایز آزمایشی به صورت کرت­های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک­­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقات هنرستان کشاورزی ارومیه در سال 1394 به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کم‌آبی در سه سطح (تنش شدید: آبیاری بعد از 120‌میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A، تنش ملایم: آبیاری بعد از 90‌میلی­متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A، و شاهد: آبیاری بعد از 60‌میلی­متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و تیمار محرک رشد در پنج سطح (شاهد، پرایمینگ با آب مقطر، پرایمینگ با سالسیلیک اسید، محلول­پاشی با سالسیلیک اسید، پرایمینگ و محلول‌پاشی با سالسیلیک اسید) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس بین صفات نشان داد که کم‌آبی و محرک رشد تأثیر معنی­داری بر صفات عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن100دانه و ارتفاع بوته داشت. مقایسه میانگین تیمارها نشان داد که بیشترین (3362‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کمترین (1864‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) عملکرد دانه به ترتیب از تیمار آبیاری مطلوب و تنش خشکی شدید به‌دست آمد. تنش خشکی شدید در مقایسه با آبیاری مطلوب عملکرد بیولوژیک و وزن100دانه را به ترتیب به میزان 25 و 34‌درصد کاهش داد. محلول­پاشی و پرایمینگ با اسید سالسیلیک در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد (بدون پرایمینگ) عملکرد دانه و وزن100دانه را به ترتیب به میزان 50 و 70‌درصد افزایش داد. تعداد غلاف در بوته نیز در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب در مقایسه با تنش خشکی شدید حدود 25‌درصد و در شرایط محلول­پاشی و پرایمینگ با اسید سالسیلیک در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد (بدون پرایمینگ) حدود 35‌درصد افزایش یافت. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده در این تحقیق، آبیاری بر اساس 60‌میلی­متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A و محلول­پاشی و پرایمینگ با اسید سالسیلیک از طریق افزایش اجزای عملکرد دانه باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه لوبیا گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 اسفند 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 اسفند 1395
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 مهر 1398

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