بررسی روابط بین برخی صفات زراعی مرتبط با عملکرد نخود زراعی (Cicer arietinum) تحت تنش بیماری برق‎زدگی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

2 دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گلستان

3 دانشگاه گنبدکاووس

چکیده

بیماری برق‌زدگی نخود که به وسیله قارچ Ascochyta rabiei ایجاد می‌شود، یکی از مهم‌ترین بیمار‌های نخود است که کشت و تولید آن را در بیشتر مناطق دنیا و از جمله ایران محدود می‌کند. بنابراین شناسایی منابع ژنتیکی مقاومت در ژرم‌پلاسم نخود در برابر عامل بیماری، برای طراحی برنامه‌های اصلاحی بسیار ضروری است. به‌منظور ارزیابی مقاومت به بیماری برق زدگی در نخود، آزمایشی با 77 ژنوتیپ پیشرفته نخود دریافتی از ایکاردا در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گنبد‌کاووس انجام شد و صفات فنولوژیک، مورفولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و میزان سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری یادداشت‌برداری شدند. نتایج نشان داد بین ژنوتیپ‌ها از نظر کلیه صفات اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد (01/0p<) وجود داشت. بیشترین همبستگی با بیماری برق‌زدگی، مربوط به ارتفاع بوته بود (506/0- و 01/0p<). مطابق با نتایج رگرسیون مرحله‌ای، ارتفاع بوته بیشترین اثر را روی عملکرد دانه داشت. نتایج تجزیه علیت نشان داد که صفت ارتفاع بوته بیشترین اثر مستقیم را بر عملکرد دانه داشت (357/0) و بیشترین اثر غیرمستقیم مربوط به بیماری برق‌زدگی از طریق ارتفاع بوته بود (151/0-). بنابراین می‌توان از ارتفاع بوته به‌عنوان صفت برتر در برنامه‌های انتخاب غیرمستقیم بهره برد. تجزیه خوشه‌ای ژنوتیپ‌ها بر اساس سطح زیر منحنی گسترش بیماری برق‌زدگی ژنوتیپ‎ها را به سه گروه متحمل (37 ژنوتیپ)، گروه حساس (15 ژنوتیپ) و گروه مقاوم (25ژنوتیپ)، تقسیم شد. به طورکلی می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که ژنوتیپ‎های مقاوم در برنامه‎های اصلاحی برای توسعه ارقام مقاوم نخود به بیماری و مدیریت این بیماری قابل بهره‎برداری می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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