اثر کودهای بیولوژیک و شیمیایی نیتروژنه بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام اصلاح‌شده نخود زراعی در شرایط دیم

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی همدان، همدان، ایران

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ساوه، ساوه، ایران

3 دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مصرف بی‌رویه کودهای شیمیایی به منظور افزایش تولیدات کشاورزی به ویژه در بخش زراعی، موجب بروز صدمات زیست‌محیطی و اختلال در حاصلخیزی خاک می‌شود. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای بیولوژیک و شیمیایی نیتروژنه بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام اصلاح‌شده نخود در شرایط دیم در ایستگاه اکباتان مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش کشاورزی و منابع‌ طبیعی همدان به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار با پنج تیمار کودی (شاهد، سوپرنیتروپلاس، نیتروکسین، ریزوچک و کود شیمیایی نیتروژن با منشأ اوره) و سه رقم اصلاح‌شده (آزاد، هاشم و آرمان) در سال زراعی92-1391 اجرا شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تیمار کودی تأثیر معنی‌داری در سطح 1درصد بر شاخص برداشت و عملکرد دانه داشت. ارقام از نظر تعداد روز تا 50درصد گل‌دهی، شاخص سطح برگ، شاخص برداشت، تعداد دانه در غلاف و عملکرد دانه اختلاف معنی‌دار آماری داشتند. اثرات متقابل کود×رقم صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار نشد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه با تلقیح بذور نخود با کود زیستی ریزوچک حاصل گردید و استفاده از این کود زیستی به ترتیب موجب افزایش 39 و 26‌درصدی شاخص برداشت و عملکرد دانه نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. رقم آزاد 58 و 116‌درصد از شاخص سطح برگ بیشتری نسبت به ارقام آرمان و هاشم برخوردار بود. همچنین نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به رقم آزاد بود که 44 و 133‌درصد به ترتیب بیش از ارقام آرمان و هاشم تولید داشت. لذا با استفاده از رقم آزاد و تلقیح بذور آن با کود زیستی ریزوچک، علاوه بر افزایش عملکرد، مصرف کودهای شیمیایی در نخود کاهش خواهد یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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