کنترل پوسیدگی و پژمردگی فوزاریومی ریشه نخود با عوامل Fusarium solani و Fusarium oxysporum با استفاده از باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه رازی

چکیده

بیماری پوسیدگی و پژمردگی فوزاریومی نخود که به‌ترتیب توسط گونه­های Fusarium solani و Fusarium oxysporum ایجاد می­شود. یکی از مهم­ترین بیماری­های نخود در ایران است. در این پژوهش، امکان افزایش رشد گیاه و کنترل بیماری توسط باکتری­های محرک رشد گیاه جداشده از ریزوسفر گیاه نخود مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. از 100جدایه باکتری به‌دست‌آمده بر اساس روش هاله بازدارندگی علیه هر دو بیمارگر، 16جدایه انتخاب شدند. بیشترین هاله ­بازدارندگی مربوط به جدایهB13 با 11میلی­متر علیه بیمارگر F. oxysporum بود. سه آزمایش شامل افزایش رشد گیاه در عدم حضور بیمارگرها، مهار پژمردگی فوزاریومی و مهار پوسیدگی فوزاریومی توسط جدایه­های منتخب و در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. در عدم حضور بیمارگرها، جدایهB2 وزن‌خشک اندام­های هوایی را از 08/1 به 69/3 افزایش داد و جدایه­های B3 و B4 بهترین جدایه­ها در بهبود رشد ریشه بودند. در آزمایش دوم، جدایه­هایB2 و B13 بیماری پژمردگی فوزاریومی با عامل F. oxysporum را بیش از 93‌درصد کاهش دادند. جدایةB2 در حضور این بیمارگر، میانگین وزن‌خشک اندام هوایی را 4/4برابر و میانگین وزن‌خشک ریشه را 4/5برابر افزایش داد. در آزمایش سوم، جدایةB6 بهترین جدایه علیه بیمارگر F. solani بود و شاخص بیماری را بیش از 73‌درصد کاهش داد. این جدایه در حضور این بیمارگر، وزن‌خشک اندام­های هوایی را 2/3برابر و وزن‌خشک ریشه را 9/2برابر افزایش داد. شناسایی مولکولی به روش 16S rDNA نشان داد که جدایه­ها­­ی B2، B3، B6 و B13 به‌ترتیب متعلق به Bacilus sp.، Achromobacter sp.، Bacillus pumilus و Bulkholderia sp. بودند. در مجموع استفاده از باکتری­های ریزوسفری می­تواند رهیافتی امیدبخش در مدیریت بیماری­های فوزاریومی نخود باشد.

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