تأثیر امواج فراصوت و پرایمینگ بذر در تلفیق با مدیریت علف‌های‌هرز بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی (L. Vigna sinensis)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 صنعتی شاهرود

2 دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر امواج فراصوت و پرایمینگ بذر بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی رقم محلی بسطامی در رقابت با علف‌های‌هرز، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود در سال1393 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل امواج اولتراسونیک (فرکانس‌ kHz20) + عدم وجین، امواج اولتراسونیک + وجین (تمام‌فصل)، امواج اولتراسونیک + علف‌کش تریفلورالین (48درصدEC ) با دوز کاهش‌یافته (یک لیتر در هکتار)، امواج اولتراسونیک + تریفلورالین با دوز توصیه‌شده (2 لیتر در هکتار)، هیدروپرایمینگ (به‌مدت هفت ساعت) + عدم وجین، هیدروپرایمینگ+‌وجین، هیدروپرایمینگ‌+‌علف‌کش تریفلورالین با دوز کاهش‌یافته، هیدروپرایمینگ‌+‌علف‌کش تریفلورالین با دوز توصیه‌شده، عدم وجین، وجین تمام‌فصل، علف‌کش تریفلورالین با دوز توصیه‌شده و علف‌کش تریفلورالین با دوز کاهش‌یافته بودند. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد تیمارهای امواج اولتراسونیک و پرایمینگ در ترکیب با دوز کاهش‌یافته علف‌کش تریفلورالین توانست به‌اندازه دوز کامل این علف‌کش، تراکم و وزن خشک علف‌های‌هرز را کاهش و عملکرد دانه لوبیا را افزایش دهد. تیمار ترکیبی امواج اولتراسونیک‌+‌وجین تمام‌فصل علف‌هرز، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک لوبیا را به‌ترتیب 62 و 3/52‌درصد نسبت به تیمار عدم وجین افزایش داد. همچنین کاربرد هیدروپرایمینگ‌+‌علف‌کش کاهش‌یافته و امواج اولتراسونیک‌+‌علف‌کش کاهش‌یافته به‌ترتیب سبب کاهش 61 و 5/46‌درصدی زیست‌توده کل علف‌های‌هرز نسبت به تیمار کاربرد علف‌کش با دوز کاهش‌یافته به‌تنهایی گردید. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش با کاربرد امواج اولتراسونیک و همچنین پرایمینگ در تلفیق با دوز کاهش‌یافته علف‌کش تریفلورالین می‌توان ضمن کاهش معنی‌دار وزن خشک علف‌های‌هرز، عملکردی معادل تیمار وجین تمام‌فصل یا مصرف دوز کامل علف‌کش به‌دست آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


1. Abbasdokht, H., Makarian, H., Ahmadisharaf, H., Gholami, A., and Rahimi, M. 2012. The study of integrated weed management (IWM), emphasizing the effect of seed priming on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mayz L.). Weed Science Journal 2: 63-76. (In Persian with English Summary).
2. Abbassian, A., Rashed Mohassel, M.H., Nezami, A., and Izadi- Darbandi, E. 2013. Evaluating the effects of imazethapyr and trifuralin dosages on weed population composition and diversity in chickpea. 5th Iranian Weed Science Congress. 562-567. (In Persian with English Summary).
3. Afzal, I., Basra, S.M.A., Ahmad, R., and Iqbal, A. 2002. Effect of different seed vigour enhancement techniques on hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). Pakistan Journal Agriculture Science 39: 109-112.
4. Bagheri, A., Zand, A., and Parsa, M. 1998. Beans, the Bottlenecks and Strategies. Jahade Daneshgahi Mashhad Press. 96 pp. (In Persian).
5. Bagheri, A., Mahmudi, A., and Ghezeli, F. 2001. Common Beans, Research for Crop Improvement. Jahade Daneshgahi Mashhad Press. 556 pp. (In Persian).
6. Bayer, D.E., Foy, C.L., Mallory, T.E., and Cutter, E.G. 1967. Morphological and histological effects of trifluralin on root development. American Journal of Botany 54: 945-952.
7. Behran, S.H., Maftoun, M., Sheibany, B., and Hojatti, S.M. 1979. Effects of fertilizer -N and herbicides on the growth and N-content of soybeans and cowpeas. Agronomy Journal 71: 533-538.
8. Caamal-Maldonado, J.A., Jimenez-Osornio, J.J., Torres-Barragan, A., and Anaya, A. L. 2001. The use of allelopathic legume cover and mulch species for weed control in cropping systems. Journal of Agronomy 93: 27-36.
9. Carlson, D. 2013. Sonic bloom organic farming made easy! The best organic fertilizer in the world. [2013-3-6]. http://www.relfe.com/sonic_bloom.html
10. Duman, I. 2006. Effect of seed priming with PEG and K3PO4 on germination and seedling growth in Lettuce. Pakistan Journal of Biology Science 9(5): 923-928.
11. 11.Ebadi, Sh., Gholipoor, M., and Gholami, A. 2014. The effect of ultrasonic waves and nitroxin biological fertilizer on growth, yield and yield components of cowpea (Vigna sinensis). Second National Conference on Sustainable Agricultural Development and Healthy Environment. (In Persian).
12. Elkoca, E., Haliloglo, K., Esitken, A., and Ercisli, S. 2007. Hydro- and osmopriming improve chickpea germination. Soil and Plant Science 57: 193-200.
13. Eskandari, H. 2013. Effects of priming technique on seed germination properties, emergence and field performance of crops: A review. International journal of Agronomy and Plant Production 4(3): 454-458.
14. Farajee, H., and Amiri, Kh. 2010. Comparison of different chemical herbicides to control of broad leaf weeds of common bean in Yasouj, Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 1(2): 123-130. (In Persian with English Summary).
15. Ghanbari, A., and Taheri Mazandarani, M. 2003. Investigation of planting pattern and weed control on yield and yield components of red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Journal Seed Plant 19: 37-47.
16. Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Chadordooz-Jeddi, A., Nasrollahzadeh, S., and Moghaddam, M. 2010. Effects of hydro-priming duration on seedling vigour and grain yield of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. Notylae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 38(1): 109-113.
17. Goodarzi, A.B., Fathi, G.H., and Golabi, M. 2006. Evaluation the effect of mixing double-purpose herbicides with surfactant in comparison with single-purpose herbicides on weed control in wheat. In: Proceedings of the 2nd National Weed Science, 29 & 30 January, Mashhad, Iran. 1: 348-353. (In Persian with English Summary).
18. Hansen, W.R., and Shibles, R.M. 1987. Seasonal log of flowering and podding activity of yield-grown soybean. Agronomy Journal 70: 47-50.
19. Harris, D., Rashid, A., Hollington, P.A., Jasi, L., and Riches, C. 2002. Prospects of improving maize yields with on-farm seed priming, p. 180-185. In: N.P. Rajbhandari, J.K. Ransom, K. Adikhari, R.A.F. and E. Palme (Eds.). Sustainable Maize Production Systems for Nepal: Proceedings of a Maize Symposium held, Kathmandu, Nepal, December 3-5, 2001. Narc and Cimmyt.
20. Harvey, R.G. 1973. Relative phytotoxicity of dinitroaniline herbicides. Weed Science 21: 517-520.
21. Hartwig, N.L., and Ammon, H.U. 2002. 50th Anniversary-invited article cover crops and living mulches. Weed Science 50: 688-699.
22. Hassanien, R.H.E., Hou, T.Z., Li, Y.F., and Li, B.M. 2014. Advances in effects of sound waves on plants. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 13(2): 335-348.
23. Johnson, G., and Hoverstad, T.R. 2002. Effect of row spacing and herbicide application timing on weed control and grain yield in corn (Zea mays L.). Weed Technology 16: 548-553.
24. Kaur, S., Gupta, A.K., and Kaur, N. 2005. Seed priming increases crop yield possibly by modulating enzymes of sucrose metabolism in chickpea. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 191: 81-87.
25. Khan, R.U., and Mumtaz, N.A. 1995. Performance of Treflan, a pre-plant applied herbicide in rapeseed and mustard. Sarhad Journal Agriculture 11(5): 647-655.
26. Koocheki, A., and Banayan Aval, M. 1994. Crops Yield Physiology. Mashhad Jehad Daneshgahi Press. 497 pp. (Translated in Persian).
27. Lipiec, J., Janas, P., and Barabasz, W. 2004. Effect of oscillating magnetic field pulses on the survival of selected microorganisms. International Agrophysics 18(4): 325-328.
28. Liu, J., Liu, G.S., Qi, D.M., Li, F.F., and Wang, E.H. 2002. Effect of PEG on germination and active oxygen metabolism in wild rye (Leymus chinensis) seeds. Acta Pratacult Sin 11(1): 59-64.
29. Lund, Z.F., Pearson, R.W., and Buchanan, G.A. 1970. An implanted soil mass technique to study herbicide effects on root growth. Weed Science 18: 229-281.
30. Mahzari, S., Baghestani, M.A., Omrani, M., and Rostami, R. 2013. Effect of application of different herbicides on weeds in garlic (Allium sativum L.) fields. 5th Iranian Weed Science Congress. Tehran University. P: 662-666. (In Persian with English Summary).
31. Makarian, H. 2002. Planting date and population density influence on competitiveness of corn (Zea mayz L.) with redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). MSc. Thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. pp. 67-69. (In Persian with English Summary).
32. Maleki-Farahani, S., and Fahiminejad, H. 2011. The effect of seed germination in common caraway (Carum carvi L.) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) before treatment with ultrasonic sources. Paper Abstracts of the 2nd Conference on Seeds. P: 258-261.
33. Marghaeizadeh, Gh., Gharineh, M.H., Fathi, Gh., Abdali, A.R., and Farbod, M. 2014. Effect of ultrasound waves and magnetic field on germination, growth and yield of Carum copticum (L.) (C.B. Clarke) in lab and field conditions. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 30(4): 539-560. (In Persian with English Summary).
34. Miri, H., and Rahimi, Y., 2009. Effects of combined and separate herbicide application on rapeseed and its weeds in southern Iran. International Journal Agriculture Biol 11: 257-260.
35. Mirshekari, B., Farahvash, F., Siyami, R., Hosseinzadeh Moghbeli, A., and Sotudeh Khiabani, A. 2013. Ultrasonic irradiation could increase germination and seedling vigor of common yarrow (Achillea millefolium), as a medicinal plant. Life Science Journal 10(5s): 302-305.
36. Moradbeygi, H., and Khara, J. 2011. The toxicity effects of Trifluralin on some of growth parameters and root colonization in mycorrhizal sunflower plants. National Conference on Climate Change and its Impact on Agriculture and the Environment. p: 1323-1328. (In Persian).
37. Moradi Dezfuli, P., Sharifzadeh, F., Bankesaz, A., and Janmohammadi, M. 2009. Effect of priming treatment and sowing date on synchronization of developmental stages and yield of maize inbred lines for hybrid seed production. Journal of Field Crop Production 1(4): 79-98. (In Persian with English Summary).
38. Nasiri Dehsorkhi, A., Makarian, H., and Neisi, A. 2015. The effect of seed priming and ultrasonic waves on germination and growth of cowpea (Vigna sinensis) under soil use of trifluralin herbicide. Novel Findings in Bio and Agricultural Sciences (NFBAS2015). Shahid Beheshi University, Tehran. P: 1-9. (In Persian).
39. Neisi, A., Gholami, A., and Nasiri Dehsorkhi, A. 2015. The effect of seed pre-treatment by salicylic acid on germination and seedling growth characteristics of maize (Zea mayz L.). Novel Findings in Bio and Agricultural Sciences (NFBAS2015). Shahid Beheshi University, Tehran. P: 1-6. (In Persian).
40. Neisi, A. 2015. The effects of tillage management and salicylic acid on agronomic characters and yield corn at mycorrhizal symbiosis condition. MSc. Thesis, University of Shahrood, pp. 64-68. (In Persian with English Summary).
41. Norsworthy, J.K., and Frederick, J.R. 2005. Integrated weed management strategies for maize production on the southeastern coastal of North America. Crop Protection 24: 119-126.
42. Pakmehr, A., Rastgoo, M., Shekari, F., Saba, J., Vazayefi, M., and Zangani, A. 2011. Effect of Salicylic acid priming on yield and yield components of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) under water deficit at reproductive stage. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 2(1): 53-64. (In Persian).
43. Rajabian, S. 2013. Effect of ultrasonic waves and Pseudomonas bacteria on growth and yield of corn (Zea maize L.). MSc. Thesis, University of Shahrood, pp. 82-93. (In Persian with English Summary).
44. Ramezani, M.K., Sadri, A., and Ghanbari, A.A. 2002. Effect of row spacing and herbicides on weed control of bean. 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. p. 171. (In Persian).
45. Sabet Zangeneh, H., Alebrahim, M.T., Motie, B., and Mehdizadeh, M. 2014. Efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides and integrate them with hand weeding on weed control, yield and yield components of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). Research in Crop Ecosystems 1(4): 95-103. (In Persian with English Summary).
46. Sadeghipour, O., and Ghaffari Khaligh, H. 2005. Effect of weeding and different herbicides on weed control in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The 1st Iranian Pulses Symposium. 552-554. (In Persian).
47. Shakh, M.A., Ahmad, S., and Malin, N.A. 2006. Integrated weed management and its effect on the seed cotton yield in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crops. Weed Science 12: 111-117.
48. Talbert, R.E. 1965. Effects of trifluralin on soybean root development. Proc. 18th Southern Weed Control Conference. p. 652.
49. Tewari, A.N., Tiwari, S.N., Rathi, J.P.S., Verama, R.N., and Tripathi, A.K. 2001. Crop weed competition studies in chickpea having Asphodelus tenuifolius-dominated weed community under rainfed condition. Indian Journal Weed Science 33:198-199.
50. Woolley, B.L., Michaels, T.E., Hall, M.R., and Swanton, C.J. 1993. The critical period of weed control in white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Weed Science 41: 180-184.
51. Yadavi, A.R., Agha Alikhani, M., Ghalavand, A., and Zand, E. 2006. Effect of plant density and planting arrangement on grain yield and growth indices of corn under redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retoflexus L.) competition. Agriculture Research 6(3): 31-46. (In Persian with English Summary).
52. Yaldagard, M., Mortazavi, S.A., and Tabatabaie, F. 2008. Application of ultrasonic waves as a priming technique for accelerating and enhancing the germination of barley seed: optimization of method by the taguchi approach. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 114(1): 14-21.
53. Zand, E., Baghestani, M.A., Bitarafan, M., and Shimi, P. 2007. Guide of Herbicides In Iran & Management of Weed Resistance to Heabicides. Jahade Daneshgahi Mashhad Publishers. 66 pp. (In Persian).
CAPTCHA Image