اثر محلول‌پاشی سایکوسل بر ویژگی‌های کمّی مرتبط با عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های ماش (Vigna radiata) در شرایط تنش رطوبتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• الهه دانائی راد ¹
• غلامرضا زمانی ²
• حمیدرضا فلاحی ²

¹ گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

² گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، گروه پژوهشی گیاه و تنش‌‌های محیطی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

10.22067/ijpr.2023.82200.1058

چکیده

در ایران، خشکی به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین عامل محدودکننده تولیدات زراعی مطرح است و برای دستیابی به عملکرد مناسب، گیاهان زراعی باید قادر به تحمل این دوره خشکی باشند. به‌منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی سایکوسل بر صفات کمّی مرتبط با عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های ماش تحت تأثیر تنش رطوبتی، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1401-1400 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا شد. در این آزمایش، سطوح آبیاری در سه سطح شامل، بدون تنش (آبیاری بر اساس 100 درصد نیاز آبی ‌گیاه)، تنش ملایم (آبیاری بر اساس 75 درصد نیاز آبی ‌گیاه) و تنش شدید (آبیاری بر اساس 50 درصد نیاز آبی ‌گیاه) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و سطوح محلول‌پاشی سایکوسل در سه سطح شامل، عدم محلول‌پاشی، 400 و 800 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و ژنوتیپ‌های ماش شامل توده هندی و رقم زربخش به‌صورت فاکتوریل به‌عنوان عوامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که برهم‌کنش تنش رطوبتی، محلول‌پاشی سایکوسل و ژنوتیپ بر تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن 1000 دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی و شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار بودند. تنش شدید موجب کاهش تعداد غلاف در بوته (27 درصد)، تعداد دانه در غلاف (25 درصد)، وزن 1000 دانه (23 درصد)، عملکرد دانه (57 درصد) و شاخص برداشت (42 درصد) شد. در بین ارقام ماش مورد بررسی، رقم زربخش در تحمل شرایط کمبود آب نسبت به توده هندی برتری نشان داد، به‌طوری‌که وزن 1000 دانه رقم زربخش و توده هندی در شرایط تنش شدید رطوبتی به‌ترتیب کاهش 15 و 21 درصدی را نشان دادند. محلول‌پاشی سایکوسل 800 میلی‌گرم در لیتر ضمن کاهش اثرات ناشی از کمبود رطوبت موجب افزایش تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن 1000 دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی و شاخص برداشت، نسبت به تیمار عدم محلول‌پاشی گردید. بیشترین وزن 1000 دانه (5/60 گرم) در تیمار بدون تنش و مصرف محلول‌پاشی سایکوسل 800 میلی‌گرم در لیتر حاصل شد. به‌طور کلی، عملکرد و صفات مرتبط با آن در شرایط تنش شدید کاهش یافت. همچنین به نظر می‌رسد، مصرف سایکوسل در شرایط تنش خشکی باعث تطابق‌پذیری بهتر ماش می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تعداد غلاف در بوته
• حبوبات
• خشکی
• کلرمکوات‌کلراید
• وزن 1000 دانه

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عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Foliar Application of Cycocel on Quantitative Traits Related to the Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Genotypes under Water Deficit Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

• Elahe Danaei Rad ¹
• Gholamreza Zamani ²
• Hamid-Reza Fallahi ²

¹ Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

² Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Plant and Environmental Stresses Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Drought is one of the most important non-living stresses that has an adverse effect on crop production and their quality and leads to osmotic, ionic, and nutritional limitations as well as growth delay, metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in plants. Iran has a dry and semi-arid climate and the occurrence of drought stress during the growth period of plants is inevitable. Presently, the production of legumes in the country is mostly under rainfed conditions and drought stress is one of the main factors reducing the yield of legumes. Mung bean is a small grain of valuable legume. Evaluation of the performance of different cultivars is considered a starting point in identifying drought-resistant cultivars. Cycocel is one of the most important growth retarders for tampering with growth and performance. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application of cycocel on quantitative traits of mung bean (Vigna radiata) genotypes under water deficit conditions.
 
Materials and Methods
In order to investigate the effect of foliar application with cycocel and water requirements on quantitative traits of mung bean (Vigna radiata) genotypes, experiental desing of split-split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Experimental factors included 3 levels of drought (non-stress, mild stress, and severe stress), 3 levels of cycocel foliar spraying (0, 400, and 800 mg/L), and 2 levels of mung bean cultivars (Hendi landrace and Zarbakhsh). Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.4 and comparing the means was based on the LSD method at a 5% probability level.
 
Results and Discussion
The experimental results showed that the effect of drought stress, cycocel, genotype, and the interaction of drought stress and cycocel as well as drought stress and genotype on the number of pods per plant were significant. The results showed that drought stress reduced the number of pods in the plant and cycocel increased it. The number of pods in the plant of the Hendi landrace genotype decreased more than that of the Zarbakhsh genotype due to drought stress. Also, drought stress, cycocel, genotype, and the interaction of drought stress and cycocel as well as drought stress and genotype on the number of seeds in the pod, were significant. The results showed that cycocel increased the number of seeds per pod, while drought stress decreased the number of pods per plant. It was also found that at all levels of drought stress, the Zarbakhsh genotype had more seeds in pods than the Hendi landrace genotype. Drought stress, cycocel, genotype, and the interaction of drought stress and cycocel as well as drought stress and genotype had a significant effect on the 1000-seed weight. The results showed that the 1000-seed weight increased due to the application of cycocel, while drought stress decreased this trait. In addition, it was observed that the 1000-seed weight of the Hendi landrace genotype decreased more than the Zarbakhsh genotype due to drought stress. Drought stress, cycocel, genotype, and interaction between drought stress and cycocel had a significant effect on grain yield. The results showed that the grain yield in the Zarbakhsh genotype was significantly higher than in the Hendi landrace genotype. It was also observed that drought stress decreased and the application of cycocel increased grain yield. Drought stress, cycocel, and genotype had a significant effect on biological performance. Drought stress caused a significant decrease in biological yield. The use of cycocel increased the biological performance and increasing the concentration of this substance increased the biological performance. The results of variance analysis of data showed that the effect of drought stress, cycocel, genotype, and the interaction of drought stress and cycocel, drought stress and genotype as well as cycocel and genotype on harvest index were significant. In addition, it was observed that the harvest index of the Hendi landrace genotype decreased more than the Zarbakhsh genotype due to drought stress.
 
Conclusions
According to the results of this study in the presence of drought stress, it showed a decrease in yield and its components. Among the studied mung bean cultivars, the Zarbakhsh cultivar showed superiority in tolerance to water shortage conditions compared to other cultivars. The use of cycocel reduced the negative effects of drought stress on the plant. It appeared that the use of cycocel under drought stress conditions improved the plant better plants performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• 1000-seed weight
• Beans
• Chloroquat chloride
• Drought
• Number of pods per plant

©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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