تأثیر مقدار بذر و مدیریت علف‌های‌هرز بر رشد، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه زراعی ماش (Vigna radiate L.)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، ایران

چکیده

تعیین مناسب‌ترین تراکم کاشت از اهمیت ویژه‌ای در بالابردن عملکرد محصول برخوردار است. میزان بذر در کشت ماش به‌عنوان یکی از عوامل مهم به‌زراعی، نقش مؤثری در چگونگی توزیع پوشش گیاهان هرز و همچنین رقابت درون‌گیاهی دارد. این پژوهش، به‌منظور بررسی اثر تراکم گیاه زراعی ماش بر توان رقابتی علف‌های‌هرز آن در سال 1393 به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با هشت تیمار و سه تکرار در شهرستان خرم‌آباد به اجرا درآمد. در این آزمایش میزان بذر در چهار سطح (25، 50 ، 75و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و تیمار علف‌های‌هرز در دو سطح (وجین و غیروجین) بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (2011کیلوگرم در هکتار) برای تیمار کنترل علف‌های‌هرز با مقدار 25کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین میانگین عملکرد دانه (7/672کیلوگرم در هکتار) برای تیمار تداخل علف‌های‌هرز با مقدار بذر 100کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد، این موضوع گویای مقدار بذر 25کیلوگرم در هکتار برای حصول پتانسیل عملکرد دانه ماش و عدم ضرورت کاربرد مقادیر بذر بیشتر است. بر اساس نتایج آنالیز واریانس کنترل علف‌های‌هرز به‌طور معنی‌داری عملکرد دانه ماش را تحت تأثیر قرار داد. وجین علف‌های‌هرز سبب افزایش 68/82درصد عملکرد دانه ماش شد که این مسئله بیانگر اهمیت تداخل علف‌های‌هرز در کاهش عملکرد ماش و ضرورت کنترل علف‌های‌هرز برای دستیابی به عملکرد بالاست.

کلیدواژه‌ها


  1. Ahmadi, A. RashedMohasel, M.H., Khazaei, H.R., Ghanbari, A., Ghorbani, R., and Mousavi, S.K. 2013. Weed floristic composition in lentil (Lens culinaris) farms in Khorramabad. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 11)1): 45-53. (In Persian with English Summary).
  2. Board, J.E., and Harville, B.G. 1996. Branch dry weight in relation to ield increases in narrow-row soybean. Journal of Agronomy 82(3): 540-544.
  3. De Costa, W.A.T.M., Shanmugathsan, K.N., and Joseph,D.M. 1999. Physiology of yield determination of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek) under various irrigation regimes in the dry and intermediate zones of Srilanka. Field Crops Research 61(1): 1-12.
  4. Erman, M.,,Tepe, I., Bükün, B., Yergin, R., and Kesen, M. 2008. Critical period of weed control in winter lentil under non-irrigated conditions in Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research 3(8): 523-530.
  5. Ezueh, M.I. 1982. Effects of planting dates on pest infestation, yield and harvest quality of cowpea (Vigna unguliculata) . Experimental Agricultura1 8(3): 311-318.
  6. Fathi, G. 2005. Effects of planting density on growth, yield components and seed yield of mangbean cultivars in spring planting. National Conference on Legumes, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (Abstract).
  7. George, D.L., and Barnes, M. 1997. Row spacing effects on two cultivars of mung bean (Vigna radiata) at gatton. Proceedings of the 9th Australian Agronomy Conference, 20-23 July 1998, Charles Sturt University, WaggaWagga, NSW. (Abstract).
  8. Ghanbari,A., and Taheri-Mazandarani, M. 2003. Effects of sowing date and plant density on yield of spotted bean. Seed and Plant Journal 19(4): 384-496. (In Persian with English Summary).
  9. Golchin, A., Mousavi, S.F. GhasemiGolezani, K., and Saba, J. 2008. Relationship between plant density and grain yield of three pinto bean cultivars at different sowing dates. Journal of Agricultural Science 18(1): 101-117. (In Persian with English Summary).
  10. Graham, D.L. Steiner, J.L., and Wicse, A.F. 1988. Light absorption and competition in mix sorghum-pig weed communities. Agronomy Journal 80(3):415-418.
  11. Habibzadeh, Y. Mameghani, R., and Kasani, A. 2008. Effect of plant density on yield, yield component and protein in 3 mungbean (Vigna radiata) genotypes in Ahwaz area. Journalof Agricultural Science 30: 1-13. (In Persian).
  12. Habibzadeh, Y., Mameghani, R., Kasani, A., and Mesgharbashi, M. 2006. Effect of density on yield and some vegetative and reproductive chcacters of 3 mung bean genotypes in Ahwaz area. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 37: 227-335. (In Persian).
  13. Hall, J.C., Vaneerd, L.L., Miller, S.D., Owen, M.D.K., Prather, T.S., Shaner, D.L., Singh, M., Vaughn, K.C., and Weller, S.C. 2000. Future research direction for weed science. Weed Technology 8(2): 410-412.
  14. Haqqani, A.M., and Pandey, R.K. 1994. Response mung bean to water stress and irrigation at various growth stage and plant densities, yield and yield component. Tropical Agriculture 71(4): 289-294. (in Persian).
  15. Harries, M., and White, P. 2007. Integrated weed management in Western Australia,s fight against herbicide resistant weed. 6th European Conference on Grain L Lisbon Congress Center, Portugal. (Abstract).
  16. Kumar, A., and Sharma, B.B. 1989. Effect of row spacing and seed rate on root growth nodulation and yield of blackgram. Indian Journal of Agronomy 56: 728-729.
  17. Legere, A., and Schreiber, M. 1989. Competition and canopy architecture as affected by soybean (Glycine max) row width and density of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). Weed Science 37: 84- 92.
  18. Lopez Bellido, F.J., Lopez Belido, L., and Lopez Belido, R.J. 2005. Competition, growth and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba). European Journal of Agronomy 23(4): 359-378.
  19. Majnoun-Hoseini, N. 2008. Grain Legume Production. Tehran Jahad-Daneshgahi P 283 pp. (In Persian).
  20. MalekMaleki, F.N., Majnonhoseini, N., and Alizade, H. 2013. A survey on the effects of weed control treatments and plant density on lentil growth and yield.European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 6(2): 135-148. (In Persian).
  21. Maron, J.L. 1997. Interspecific competition and insect herbivory reduce bush lapine (Lapinus arboreus) seedling survival. Oecologia 110: 284-290.
  22. Mimbar, J.C. 1993. Influence of plant density and plant number per hill on growth and yield of mung bean, Walet. Agrivita 16: 78-82.
  23. Minbashi Moeini, M., Baghestani, M.A., and Rahimian, H. 2008. Introducing abundance index for assessing weed flora in survey studies. Weed Biology & Manage 8: 172- (In Persian).
  24. Mousavi, S.K., Ahmadi, A., and Ghorbani, 2010. Evaluation the effects of sowing date and plant population on morphological characteristics and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and its weed population under dry land condition of Lorestan province. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research7(1): 241-255. (In Persian).
  25. Prakit, S., Prathet, P., Kongjaimun, A., and Srinives, P. Dissecting quantitative trait loci for agronomic traits responding to iron deficiency in mungebean [Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek]. Agrivita 36(2): 64-71.
  26. Raman, R., and Krishnamoorthy, R. 2005. Nodulation and yield of mung bean (Vigna radiate) influenced by integrated weed management practices. Legume Research 28(2): 128-130.
  27. Rezai, A., and Hasanzahed, A. 1995. Effects of planting date and density on yield, yield components and vertical distribution of 3 mungbean cultivars. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 26: 19-30. (In Persian).
  28. Sandha, T., Bhllav, H., Chema, S., and Gill, A. 1997. Variability and interrelationship among grain protein yield and yield components in mungbeen. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research 30: 871-882.
  29. Sehrawat, N., Jaiwal, P.K., Yadav, M., Bhat, K.V., and Sairam, R.K. 2013. Salinity stress restraining mungbean (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek) production: gateway for genetic improvement. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Science 6(2): 505-509.
  30. Shukla, K.N., and Dixit, R.S. 2000. Nutient and plant population management in summer green gram. Indian Journal of Agronomy 41: 78-83.
  31. Singh, K.N., Bulis, A.S., Shah, M.H., and Khanday, B.A. 1991. Effect of spacing and seed rate on yield of green gram (Vigna radiate ) in Khashmirvally. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 61: 326-327.
  32. Teasdal, J.R., and Frank, R. 1983. Effect of row spacing on weed competition with Snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Weed Science 31:81-85.
  33. Tesfaye, K., Walker, S., and Tsubo, M. Radiation interception and radiation use efficiency of three grain legumes under deficit conditions in semi-arid conditions. European Journal of Agronomy 25: 60-70.
  34. Tofighiyan, M., Noroozi, H., and NakhriziMoghaddam, A. 2013. The Effect of microelements nutrition and plant density on mung bean var (Vigna radiata L.) yield and yield component. Journal of Field Crops Research 11: 60-71. (In Persian).
  35. Van Acker, R.C. Weise, S.F., and Swanton, C.J. 1993. Influence of interference from a mixed weed species stand on soybean (Glycine max) growth. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73(4): 1293-1304.
  36. Wanchi, C., Kaewpichit, S., and Chareonpanit, S. 1993. Effect of plant density on yield and seed quality of mungbean. Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute. Bankok, Thailand pp: 46-53.
  37. Woolley, B.L., Swanton, C.J., Hall, M.R., and Michaels, T.E. 1993. The critical period of weed control in white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris ). Weed Science 41: 180-184.
  38. Young, F.L., Matthewes, J., Sauerborn, J., Pierterse, A.H., and Kantar, M. 2000. Integrated weed management for food legumes and lupine. In: Linking Research and Marketing Opportunities for Pulses in the 21st Century. pp: 481-490.
CAPTCHA Image