ارزیابی و انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌های برتر عدس (Lens culinaris Medik) دیم در مناطق سرد کشور با الگوی خطوط مرزی صفات زراعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

3 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

شناخت صفات مهم گیاهی و تأثیر آن بر عملکرد دانه از ابزارهای اصلی به‌­نژادگران عدس در انتخاب و معرفی ارقام سازگار با مناطق دیم می­‌باشد. برای تعیین حد و دامنه بهینه صفات زراعی عدس دیم، بانک اطلاعاتی گسترده­ای از ایستگاه‌های تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم مناطق سرد کشور (مراغه، زنجان، اردبیل و شیروان) با 8300 ژنوتیپ به مدت 20سال (1395-1375) جمع­آوری شد. حد و دامنه بهینه صفات زراعی با استفاده از دو روش خطوط مرزی و میانگین‌گیری از جامعه دارای عملکرد بالا تعیین شد. حد بهینه ارتفاع بوته، وزن100دانه، تعداد روز از کاشت تا گلدهی و رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک و طول دوره پُرشدن دانه با خطوط مرزی به‌ترتیب 8/27 سانتی­متر، 4/5 گرم، 4/55 روز، 6/92 روز و 8/33 روز و با روش میانگین‌گیری به‌ترتیب 7/23 سانتی­متر، 9/4 گرم، 0/62 روز، 6/92 روز و 7/30 روز تعیین شد. هر دو روش حد تعداد روز از کاشت تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک را یکسان برآورد نمودند. در حالی که در تعیین دامنه بهینه بین دو روش، تفاوت معنی­داری وجود داشت و روش خطوط مرزی دامنه آن را به طور میانگین سه برابر گسترده­تر برآورد نمود. تجزیه به مؤلفه­‌های اصلی، مهم‌ترین صفات برای گزینش ارقام عدس دیم را تعداد روز از کاشت تا گلدهی و رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک تشخیص داد. با توجه به دقّت بالا در برآورد حد و دامنه بهینه صفات و انطباق بیشتر نتایج آن با ارقام معرفی‌شده در این مناطق، استفاده از روش خطوط مرزی برای انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌های برتر توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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