پاسخ صفات فیزیولوژیکی ماش (Vigna radiata L.) به محلول‌پاشی پاکلوبوترازول تحت تأثیر تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

بهروز امیدی

نصرت اله عباسی

فرشته دارابی

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

10.22067/ijpr.2026.99327.1139

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی پاسخ صفات فیزیولوژیکی ماش (Vigna radiata L.) به محلول‌پاشی پاکلوبوترازول تحت تأثیر تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1404-1403 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل سه سطح تنش خشکی (40، 80 و 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر)، سه سطح محلول‌پاشی پاکلوبوترازول (0، 30 و 80 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و دو رقم ماش (پرتو و گوهر) بودند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که در هر دو رقم، محلول‌پاشی پاکلوبوترازول در همه سطوح تنش خشکی سبب بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیکی و تعدیل تنش خشکی در گیاه ماش شد، امّا رقم پرتو تحت شرایط تنش شدید خشکی مقاومت بیشتری از خود نشان داد، درحالی‌که رقم گوهر در شرایط تنش خفیف تا متوسط از نظر اکثر صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد دانه برتری داشت. طبق نتایج به‌دست‌آمده محلول­پاشی غلظت 80 میلی­گرم در لیتر پاکلوبوترازول نسبت به عدم محلول­پاشی پاکلوبوترازول (شاهد) در رقم گوهر 9/9 درصد و در رقم پرتو 23/10 درصد محتوای نسبی آب برگ را افزایش داد. در تیمار 120 میلی­متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر نسبت به تیمارهای 80 و 40 میلی­متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر، در رقم پرتو، به‌ترتیب 6 و 2/10 درصد و در رقم گوهر، به‌ترتیب 5 و 2/28 درصد میزان کلروفیل b کاهش یافت. کاربرد محلول‌پاشی غلظت 80 میلی­گرم در لیتر پاکلوبوترازول نسبت به عدم محلول­پاشی پاکلوبوترازول (شاهد) در شرایط 120 میلی­متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر، میزان کلروفیل a، پرولین، قندهای محلول، کاتالاز و آسکوربات پراکسیدار در رقم پرتو به‌ترتیب 86/23، 3/25، 29/14، 11/5 و 3/30 درصد و در رقم گوهر 75/30، 61/19، 7/30، 20، 3/30 و 2/16 درصد افزایش یافت و در شرایط 40 میلی­متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر نیز در رقم پرتو به‌ترتیب 1/4، 6/59، 47/11، 11، 8/38 و 9/14 درصد و در رقم گوهر 8/11، 9/54، 45/15، 64، 5/47 و 1/4 درصد افزایش یافت. بر این اساس، در سطح 40 و 80 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر، استفاده از رقم گوهر همراه با محلول‌پاشی پاکلوبوترازول غلظت 80 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و در سطح 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر، استفاده از رقم پرتو همراه با محلول‌پاشی پاکلوبوترازول با غلظت 80 میلی‌گرم در لیتر، به‌عنوان برترین تیمارهای این پژوهش، می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک گزینه مدیریتی مناسب برای افزایش تحمل گیاه ماش به محدودیت آب مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پرولین

رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی

عملکرد دانه

قندهای محلول

کاتالاز

موضوعات

• زراعت

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عنوان مقاله English

Responses of Physiological Traits of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) to Paclobutrazol Foliar Application under Drought Stress

نویسندگان English

Behrooz Omidi

Nosratollah Abbasi

Fereshteh Darabi

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

چکیده English

Introduction
Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic factors limiting agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Water deficit disrupts physiological and metabolic processes in plants, leading to reduced growth, impaired photosynthesis, and decreased grain yield. Drought stress also increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), damages cellular membranes, decreases photosynthetic pigments, and ultimately reduces plant productivity. Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important legume crop because of its high nutritional value, short growth period, and nitrogen-fixing ability. However, this crop is highly sensitive to drought stress, particularly during flowering and grain filling stages. Therefore, improving drought tolerance in mung bean is essential under water-limited conditions. The application of plant growth regulators such as paclobutrazol has been considered an effective strategy for alleviating drought-induced damage. Paclobutrazol can improve drought tolerance by enhancing plant water status, maintaining membrane stability, promoting osmotic adjustment, and strengthening antioxidant defense systems. Previous studies have also shown that triazole compounds modulate stress-responsive pathways and improve plant performance under water-deficit conditions. However, these responses may vary with cultivar and drought intensity, and the underlying physiological mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses of two mung bean cultivars to paclobutrazol application under drought stress.

Materials and Methods
This experiment was conducted during the 2024–2025 crop year at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilam, Iran. The experiment was arranged as a split-plot factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments consisted of three drought stress levels (40, 80 and 120 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan) as the main factor and three levels of paclobutrazol foliar application (0, 30, and 80 mg.L⁻¹) along with two mung bean cultivars (Partow and Gohar) as subplot treatments. Drought stress treatments were imposed after complete seedling establishment based on cumulative evaporation from the Class A evaporation pan. Paclobutrazol was sprayed three times at 72-hour intervals. Physiological and biochemical traits including relative water content, ion leakage, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, proline, soluble sugars, catalase activity, and ascorbate peroxidase activity were measured at the flowering stage, while grain yield was determined at maturity. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software (Ver. 9.1), and mean comparisons were conducted using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the 5% probability level.

Results and Discussion
The results indicated that increasing drought stress significantly reduced relative water content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid content, and grain yield in both mung bean cultivars. In contrast, ion leakage, proline accumulation, soluble sugars, and antioxidant enzyme activities increased under drought stress conditions. Paclobutrazol application improved physiological and biochemical characteristics in both cultivars, and the greatest positive effects were observed at 80 mg.L⁻¹. Foliar application of paclobutrazol increased relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, proline, soluble sugars, and the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes, while reducing ion leakage under drought stress conditions. The interaction effects of drought stress, paclobutrazol, and cultivar demonstrated that cultivar Gohar showed superior performance under mild and moderate drought stress conditions in terms of most physiological traits and grain yield. In contrast, cultivar Partow exhibited greater tolerance under severe drought stress conditions through better maintenance of physiological characteristics and stronger antioxidant defense responses. Enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and increased accumulation of osmotic adjustment compounds in paclobutrazol-treated plants played an important role in reducing drought-induced oxidative damage, maintaining membrane stability, and improving drought tolerance.

Conclusions
Overall, drought stress adversely affected physiological traits and grain yield of mung bean plants. However, paclobutrazol application considerably alleviated the negative effects of drought stress. Foliar application of paclobutrazol, particularly at 80 mg L⁻¹, improved plant water status, enhanced antioxidant defense systems, increased osmotic adjustment compounds, and maintained membrane stability, resulting in greater drought tolerance in mung bean plants. In general, cultivar Gohar showed better overall performance in terms of physiological traits and grain yield, whereas cultivar Partow exhibited greater tolerance under severe drought stress conditions.

Acknowledgement
The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the University of Ilam and the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Sarableh for providing the facilities required for conducting this research.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Catalase

Grain yield

Photosynthetic pigments

Proline

Soluble sugars

Authors retain the copyright. This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

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