نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Introduction
Despite having a high potential for paddy fields in Northern provinces, unfortunately, most of these paddy fields are left unused for about 7 months after rice (Oryza sativa L.) harvesting. The presence of fertile soils, a long growing season, and favorable environmental conditions between rice harvest and planting the following year make these paddy fields well suited for cultivating a second crop. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most important legumes that is adapted to the climatic conditions in most Northern regions of Iran. Given the large areas of paddy fields in the North of Iran, utilizing these areas for faba bean cultivation after rice harvesting can be an effective strategy for increase land productivity, sustainable rice production, higher paddy farmers' income, achieving self-sufficiency and ensuring food security. Among legumes, faba bean has one of the highest rates of biological nitrogen fixation, improving soil fertility by leaving residual nitrogen benefitting subsequent crops. The use of suitable varieties can play an important role in development and sustainability of faba bean cultivation in paddy fields. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to examine the yield and economic indices of different faba bean genotypes as a second crop in rotation after rice.
Materials and Methods
This study was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research fields of Rice Research Institute of Iran in Rasht during two cropping seasons of 2023-2024 and 2024-2025. The experimental treatments included four varieties (Feyz, Barkat, Shadan and Mahta) and two promising lines of faba bean (332 and WRB1-5). In this study, traits such as number of pods, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, green pod yield, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and protein yield were evaluated. Additionally, gross and net profit, percent of sale return, and benefit-cost ratio, were assessed to evaluate economic indices. The protein content of samples was determined by the Kjeldahl method. After measurement of the sample total nitrogen by applying factor 6.25, the seed protein content was measured. Data was analyzed using SAS 9.2 and mean comparisons were done by least significant difference (LSD) test at the 5% probability level.
Results and Discussion
The results of combined analysis of variance revealed that genotype had significant effect on all studied traits. Mean comparison showed that the second year of the experiment had higher green pod yield (24518 kg.ha-1), grain yield (5060 kg.ha-1) and protein yield (1535 kg.ha-1) compared to the first year. Between faba bean genotypes, the highest green pod yield with an average of 28883 and 27217 kg.ha-1 and the highest grain yield with an average of 6025 and 5653 kg.ha-1, respectively, were obtained from Feyz and Barkat varieties. The Shadan variety was also in the next position. The lowest green pod yield (17181 kg.ha-1) and grain yield (3662 kg.ha-1) was obtained in Mahta variety. The highest biological yield (18368 kg.ha-1) and harvest index (32.8%) was related to the Feyz variety. The Mehta variety also had the lowest biological yield (11996 kg.ha-1) and harvest index (29.1%). Among the genotypes of faba bean, Mahta variety had higher protein content (32.1%). The highest and lowest protein yield was obtained in Feyz variety (1703 kg.ha-1) and line WRB1-5 (1016 kg.ha-1), respectively. Based on the results of stepwise regression analysis, biological yield, pods per plant, green pod yield and seeds per pod were entered into the regression model, respectively, and explained 95% of the variation in grain yield. The analysis of the economic indices showed that the Feyz variety ranked first in terms of gross and net profits with 3012500 and 2554650 thousand rials/ha, respectively. Barkat and Shadan varieties were also ranked next. Mahta variety had the lowest gross (1464800 thousand.rials ha-1) and net profits (1043450 thousand rials.ha-1) among genotypes of faba bean. Feyz, Barkat and Shadan varieties with percent of sale return and benefit-cost ratio (84.8 and 6.6), (83.6 and 6.1) and (79.7 and 4.9) were ranked first to third, respectively. The lowest amount of percent of sale return and benefit-cost ratio (71.2 and 3.5, respectively) were assigned to Mahta variety.
Conclusions
Based on the results of this study, the Feyz, Barkat, and Shadan cultivars are recommended, in that order, for faba bean cultivation as a second crop in the paddy fields of Guilan province due to their superior yield performance and greater economic returns. These findings indicate that integrating faba bean into rice-based cropping systems has the potential to enhance farmers' income while promoting the sustainability of rice production.
کلیدواژهها English
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