اثر رقابت و سطوح مس بر وزن خشک گیاهچه و غلظت عناصر مس، فسفر، پتاسیم و منیزیم در لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) و تاج‌خروس ریشه‌قرمز (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

به منظور درک کافی از میزان جذب عنصر مس و تجمع سایر عناصر توسط گیاه لوبیا و علف­هرز تاج­خروس در غلظت­های مختلف مس، آزمایشی به صورت آب‌کشت (هیدروپونیک)، در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا در سال1395 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل غلظت مس در سه سطح 1، 25 و 50 میکرومولار سولفات مس (CuSO4) و مخلوط جایگزینی لوبیا (B) و تاج‌خروس (P) با نسبت­های 100درصد لوبیا+0درصد تاج‌خروس
(1B: 0P)، 75درصد لوبیا+25درصد تاج‌خروس (0.75B: 0.25P)، 50درصد لوبیا+50درصد تاج‌خروس
(0.5B: 0.5P)، 25درصد لوبیا+75درصد تاج‌خروس (0.25B: 0.75P) و 0درصد لوبیا+100درصد تاج‌خروس
(0B: 1P) بود. نتایج نشان داد در غلظت 1 میکرومولار سولفات مس، غلظت پتاسیم در ریشه لوبیا با افزایش تعداد بوته تاج­خروس در نسبت جایگزینی (0.25B: 0.75P) به‌ترتیب به میزان 7 درصد نسبت به کشت خالص لوبیا کاهش و در غلظت 25 و 50 میکرومولار سولفات مس به‌ترتیب به میزان10 و 15 درصد نسبت به کشت خالص لوبیا، افزایش نشان داد. در غلظت 25 میکرومولار سولفات مس، غلظت فسفر و منیزیم در ریشه لوبیا در نسبت جایگزینی 0.25B: 0.75P به‌ترتیب به میزان 17و 18درصد و در غلظت 50 میکرومولار، به میزان 21 و 26 درصد نسبت به کشت خالص لوبیا افزایش یافت. در شرایط فزونی مس، همجواری علف‌هرز تاج­خروس با لوبیا سبب کاهش آلودگی لوبیا به مس و ایجاد تعادل در جذب عناصر ضروری گیاه لوبیا شد. جذب فلز مس توسط علف‌هرز تاج­خروس، سبب بهبود رشد لوبیا تحت شرایط فزونی مس شد. بنابراین مدیریت اکولوژیکی گیاهان تجمع­دهنده فلز مس نظیر تاج‌خروس ریشه‌قرمز در مقابل ریشه‌کن‌کردن این علف‌هرز، در مزارع لوبیای دارای آلودگی مس، راهکار مناسبی می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مراجع

  1. Adrees, M., Ali, S., Rizwan, M., Ibrahim, M., Abbas, F., Farid, M., Zia-ur-rehman, M., Irshad, M.K. and Bharwana, S.A. 2015. The effect of excess copper on growth and physiology of important food crops: overview. Environmental Science Pollution Research 22: 8148-8162.
  2. Arduini, I., Godbold, D.L., and Onnis, A. 1994. Cadmium and copper change root growth and morphology of Pinuspinea and Pinuspineaster seedling. Physiologia Plantarum 92: 675-680.
  3. Ashrafi, A., Zahedi, M., and Soleimani, M. 2015. Effect of co planted purslane (Portulacaoleracea L.) on Cd accumulation by sunflower in different levels of Cd contamination and salinity: a pot study. International Journal of Phytoremediation 17: 853-860.
  4. Barman, S.C., Sahu, R.K., Bhargava, S.K., and Chaterjee, C. 2000. Distribution of heavy metals in wheat, mustard and weed grown in field irrigated with industrial effluents. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 64: 489-496.
  5. Bigaliev, A., Boguspaev, K., and Znanburshin, E. 2003. Phytoremediation potential of amaranthus sp. for heavy metals contaminated soil of oil production territory. 10th Annual International Petroleum Environmental Conferen. Houston, Al-Farabi Kazakh.
  6. Bouazizi, H., Jouili, H., Geitmann, A., and Ferjani, E.E. 2010. Copper toxicity in expanding leaves of Phaseolusvulgaris L.: Antioxidant enzyme response and nutrient element uptake. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 73: 1304-1308.
  7. Bravin, M.N., Garnier, C., Lenoble, V., Gerard, F., Dudal, Y., and Hinsinger, P. 2012. Root-induced changes in pH and dissolved organic matter binding capacity affect copper dynamic speciation in the rhizosphere. Geochimicaet Cosmochimica Acta 84: 256-268.
  8. Bruce, E.P. 2001. Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater at Hazardous Waste Sizes. EPA ORD Ground Water Issue, EPA/540/S-01/500.
  9. Brun, L.A., Maillet, J., Hinsinger, P., and Pepin, M. 2001. Evaluation of copper availability to plants in copper-contaminated vineyard soils. Environmental Pollution 111: 293-302.
  10. Callaway, R.M., Brooker, R.W., Choler, P., Kikvidze, Z., Lortie, C.J., Michalet, R., Paolini, L., Pugnaire, F.I., Newingham, B., Aschehoug, E.T., Armas, C., Kikodze, D., and Cook, B.J. 2002. Positive interactions among alpine plants increase with stress. Nature 417: 844-848.
  11. Cambrolle, J., Garcia, J.L., Ocete, R., Figueroa, M.E., and Cantos, M. 2013. Growth and photosynthetic response to copper in wild grapevine. Chemosphere 93: 294-301.
  12. Devi Chinmayee, M., Mahesh, B., Pradesh, S., Mini, I., and Swapna, T.S. 2012. The assessment of phytoremediation potential of invasive weed Amaranthus spinosus L. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 167: 1550-1559.
  13. Dresler, S., Hanaka, A., Bednarek, W., and Maksymeric, W. 2014. Accumulation of low-molecular-weight organic acids in roots and leaf segments of Zea mays plants treated with cadmium and copper. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 36: 1565-1575.
  14. Gaetke, L.M., and Chow, C.K. 2003. Copper toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant nutrients. Toxicology 189: 147-163.
  15. Gajewska, E., and Sklodowska, M. 2010. Differential effect of equal Copper, Cadmium and Nickel concentration on biochemical reactions in wheat seedlings. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 73: 996-1003.
  16. Galal, T.M., and Shehata, H.S. 2015. Bioaccumulation and translocation of heavy metals by Plantago major L. grown in contaminated soils under the effect of traffic pollution.Ecological Indicators 48: 244-251.
  17. Hall, J.L. 2002. Cellular mechanisms for heavy met al detoxification and tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany 53: 1-11.
  18. Hoffman, D.W., and Lavy, T.L. 1978. Plant competition for atrazin. Weed Science 26: 94-99.
  19. Horak, M.J., and Loughin, T.M. 2000. Growth analysis of four Amaranthus species. Weed Science 48: 347-355.
  20. Ke, W., Xiong, Z., Chen, S., and Chen, J. 2007. Effect of copper and mineral nutrition on growth, copper accumulation and mineral element uptake in two Rumex japonicus populations from a copper mine and an uncontaminated filed sites. Environmental and Experimental Botany 59: 59-67.
  21. Kopittke, P.M., and Menzies, N.W. 2006. Effect of Cu toxicity on growth of cowpea (Vignaunguiculata). Plant and Soil 279: 287-296.
  22. Kramer, U., Talke, I.N., and Hanikenne, M. 2007. Transition met al transport. FEBS Lett. 581: 2263-2272.
  23. Lequeux, H., Hermans, C., Lutts, S., and Verbruggen, N. 2010. Response to copper excess in Arabidopsis thaliana: Impact on the root system architecture, hormone distribution, lignin accumulation and mineral profile. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 48: 673-682.
  24. Li, Z.A., Peng, S.L., Rae, D.J., and Zhou, G.Y. 2001. Litter decomposition and nitrogen mineralization of soils in subtropical plantation forests of southern China, with special attention to comparisons between legumes and non- legumes. Plant and Soil 229: 105-116.
  25. Li, N.Y., Li, Z.A., Zhuang, P., Zou, B., and McBirde, M. 2009. Cadmium uptake from soil by maize with intercrops. Water, Air & Soil Pollution 199: 45-56.
  26. Lortie, C.J., and Callaway, R.M. 2006. Re-analysis of meta-analysis: support for the stress-gradient hypothesis. Journal of Ecology 94: 7-16.
  27. Maathuis, F.J.M. 2009. Physiological functions of mineral macronutrient. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 12: 250-258.
  28. Michaud, A.M., Bravin, M.N., Galleguillos, M., and Hinsinger, P. 2007. Copper uptake and phytotoxicity as assessed in situ for durum wheat (Triticum turgidum durum L.) cultivated in Cu- contaminated former vineyard soils. Plant and Soil 298: 99-111.
  29. Mico, C., Recatala, L., Peris, M., and Sanchez, J. 2006. Assessing heavy metal sources in agricultural soils of an European Mediterranean area by multivariate analysis. Chemosphere 65: 863-872.
  30. Oorts, K. 2013. Copper. In: B.J. Alloway (Ed.). Heavy metals in soils. Trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailability. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 367-394.
  31. Ouzounidou, G., Elefteriou, E.P., and Karataglis, S. 1992. Ecophysiological and ultrastructural effects of copper in Thlaspiochroleucum (Cruciferae). Canadian Journal of Botany 70: 947-957.
  32. Su, D.C., Lu, X.X., and Wong, J.W.C. 2008. Could co-cropping or successive cropping with Cd accumulator oilseed rape reduce Cd uptake of sensitive Chinese cabbage? Practice Periodical of Hazardous Toxic and Radioactive Waste Management 12: 224-228.
  33. Tyler, G. 1976. Heavy metal pollution, phosphatase activity and mineralization of organic phosphorous in forest soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 8: 327-332.
  34. Wei, S.H., and Zhou, Q.X. 2006. Phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soil by Rorippaglobosa using two-phase planting. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 13: 151-155.
  35. Whiting, S.N., Leake, J.R., McGrath, S.P., and Baker, A.J.M. 2001. Hyper accumulation of Zn by Thlaspi caerulescens can ameliorate Zn toxicity in the rhizosphere of cocropped Thlaspi arvense. Environmental Science & Technology 35: 3237-3241.
  36. Woolhouse, H.W. 1983. Toxicity and tolerance in the responses of plant to metals. In: Q.L. Lange, P.S. Nobel, C.B. Osmond and H. Ziegler (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology 12C. New Series. Springer Verla, Berlin, pp. 245-300.
  37. Wuana, R.A., and Okieimen, F.E. 2011. Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources. Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation. ISRN Ecol. Article ID 402647. 20 p.
  38. Xue, J.H., and Fei, Y.X. 2006. Effects of intercropping Cunninghamia lanceolata in tea garden on content and distribution of heavy metals in soil and tea leaves. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment 22: 71-73.
  39. Zaheer, I.E., Ali, S., Rizwan, M., Fraid, M., Shakoor, M.B., Gill, R.A., Najeeb, U., Iqbal, N., and Ahmad, R. 2015. Citric acid assisted phytoremediation of copper by Brassicanapus L. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 120: 310-317.
  40. Zhao, G.Q., Ma, B.L., and Ren, C.Z. 2007. Growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and ion content of naked oat in response to salinity. Crop Science 47: 123-131.
  41. Zimdahl, R.L. 2007. Fundamentals of Weed Science. 3rded. Academic Press, CA, USA.
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
CAPTCHA Image

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 بهمن 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 اردیبهشت 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 22 خرداد 1398
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 07 آذر 1399

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار