اثر همزیستی میکوریزا و آبیاری تکمیلی بر عملکرد و عناصر دانه و بقایای گیاهی نخود (Cicer arietinum)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

زمان پایان بارندگی­های بهاره در موفقیت زراعت دیم مؤثر است. دو راهکار اساسی (آبیاری تکمیلی و روابط قارچ-ریشه) برای بهبود عملکرد گیاهان زراعی با اثر هم­افزایی در اعمال توأم آن‌ها وجود دارد. برای بررسی تلقیح میکوریزایی نخود دیم، آزمایشی دوساله به ‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک ­کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال‌های 1393 و 1394 در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی آذربایجان‌غربی اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل زمان پایان بارندگی (20اردیبهشت‌ماه، سوم خردادماه و 17خردادماه)، تلقیح میکوریزا (شاهد و قارچ گونه Glomus intraradices) و آبیاری (دیم و یک نوبت آبیاری تکمیلی) بودند. تلقیح میکوریزایی تحت شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی باعث افزایش معنی­دار عناصر فسفر، کلسیم و خاکستر بقایا، پتاسیم و پروتئین دانه نخود نسبت به کشت دیم شد. ادامه بارندگی تا 17خرداد، عملکرد بقایا (1451کیلوگرم در هکتار) و دانه (602کیلوگرم در هکتار) نخود در گیاهان میکوریزایی را تحت شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی نسبت به پایان زودهنگام بارندگی­ها (20اردیبهشت‌ماه وسوم خردادماه) افزایش بیشتری داد. به‌طورکلی کیفیت بقایا و  دانه نخود در کشت دیم با یک نوبت آبیاری بهبود یافت. تلقیح میکوریزایی صرفنظر از زمان پایان بارندگی در میزان بهبود کیفیت و عملکرد دانه (در آبیاری تکمیلی تا 20درصد و در کشت دیم تا 24درصد) مؤثر بود. نتایج نشان داد که دو راهکار آبیاری تکمیلی و تلقیح میکوریزایی روش­های قابل اعتمادی برای دستیابی به عملکرد مطلوب درکشت دیم نخود می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


1. Agricultural Statistics. 2014. The Office of Statistics and Information Technology, Ministry of Agriculture Jihad.
2. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2005. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC, Vol. II. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, 18th Edition, Washington DC.
3. Benami. A., and Ofen, A. 1984. Irrigation Engineering-Sprinkler, Trickle and Surface Irrigation: Principles, Design and Agricultural Practices. Irrigation Engineering Scientific Publications.
4. Boomsma, C.R., and Vyn, T.J. 2008. Maize drought tolerance: potential improvements through arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Field Crops Research 108: 14-31.
5. Canci, H., and Toker, C. 2009. Evaluation of annual wild Cicer species for drought and heat resistance under field conditions. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 56: 1-6.
6. Evelin, H., Kapoor, R., and Giri, B. 2009. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: a review. Journal of Annals of Botany 104: 1263-1280.
7. Ganjali, A., Bagheri, A., and Porsa, H. 2009. Evaluation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm for drought resistance. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 7(1): 185-196. (In Persian with English Summary).
8. Goicoechea, N., Antolin, M.C., and Sanches-Diaz, M. 1997. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae and Rhizobium on nutrient content and water relations in drought stressed alfalfa. Journal of Plant and Soil 192: 261-268.
9. Habibi, S., Farzaneh, M., and Meskarbashee, M. 2013. Effects of inoculation with mycorrhiza (Glomus spp.) on growth and nutrient uptake of wheat in saline conditions. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research 44(3): 311-320. (In Persian with English Summary).
10. Habibzadeh, Y., Pirzad, A., Zardashti, M.R., Jalilian, J., and Eini, O. 2013. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on seed and protein yield under water-deficit stress in Mung Bean. Agronomy Journal 105: 79-84.
11. Habibzadeh, Y., Jalilian, J., Zardashti, M.R., Pirzad, A., and Eini, O. 2015. Some morpho-physiological characteristics of Mung Bean mycorrhizal plant under different irrigation regimes in field condition. Journal of Plant Nutrition 38(11): 1754-1767.
12. Hopkins, W.G., and Huner, N.P.A. 2009. Introduction to Plant Physiology. John Wiley & Sons.
13. Jafar Dokht, R., Mosavi Nik, S.M., Mehraban, A., and Basiri, M. 2015. Effect of water stress and foliar micronutrient application on physiological characteristics and nutrient uptake in mung bean. Electronic Journal of Crop Production 8: 121-141. (In Persian with English Summary).
14. Kafi, M., Zand, E., Kamkar, B., Mahdavi-Damghani, A., and Abbasi, F. 2010. Plant Physiology (Translate). Jihad daneshgahi of Mashhad Press. (In Persian).
15. KhosroShahi Asl, A. 1997. Food Analytical Chemistry. Urmia University Press. (In Persian).
16. Manoharan, P.T., Shamugaiah, V., Balasubramanian, N., and Gomathinayagam, S. 2010. Influence of AM fungi on the growth and physiological status of Erythrina variegate Linn. grown under different water stress conditions. European Journal of Soil Biology 46: 151-156.
17. Mathur, N., and Vyas, A. 2000. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on biomass production, nutrient uptake and physiological changes in Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. under water stress. Journal of Arid Environment 45: 191-195.
18. Mosse, J. 1990. Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor for ten cereals and six legumes or oilseeds. A reappraisal of its definition and determination. Variation according to species and to seed protein content. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 38(1): 18-24.
19. Naseri, R., Rahimi, M.J., Siyadat, S.A., and Mirzaei, A. 2015. The effects of supplementary irrigation and different plant densities on morphological traits, yield and its components and protein content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Sirvan region in Ilam province. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 6(1): 78-91. (In Persian with English Summary).
20. Neumann, E., and George, E. 2004. Colonisation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) enhanced phosphorus uptake from dry soil in Sorghum bicolor L. Plant and Soil 261(1): 245-255.
21. Oweis, T., and Hachum, A. 2006. Water harvesting and supplemental irrigation for improved water productivity of dry farming systems in West Asia and North Africa. Journal of Agricultural Water Management 80: 57-73.
22. Parsa, M., and Bagheri, A. 2008. Beans. Publications University of Mashhad. (In Persian).
23. Patil, S.L., Mishra, P.K., Loganandhan, N., Ramesha, M.N., and Math, S.K.N. 2014. Energy, economics, and water use efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars in Vertisols of semi-arid tropics, India. Current Science 107(4): 656-664.
24. Pirzad, A., Jalilian, J., and Akbari Bavandi, V. 2014. Improving grain yield of mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) using zeolite under water deficit condition. Research in Field Crops 3(1): 1-13. (In Persian with English Summary).
25. Rezaeyan Zadeh, E., Parsa, M., Ganjali, A., and Nezami, A. 2011. Responses of yield and yield components of chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.) to supplemental irrigation in different phenology stages. Journal of Water and Soil 25(5): 1080-1095. (In Persian with English Summary).
26. Saharan, B.S., and Nehra, V. 2011. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: A critical review. Life Sciences and Medicine Research 21: 1-30.
27. Sajedi, N.A., and Rejali, F. 2011. Effects of water stress, the use of mycorrhizal inoculation on the absorption of micronutrients in corn. Journal of Soil Research (Soil and Water) 25(2): 92-83. (In Persian with English Summary).
28. Sharma, A.K. 2002. Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Agrobios.
29. Smith, S., and Read, D. 2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Academic Press.
30. Tavakoli, A. 2003. The effects of supplemental irrigation and nitrogen on yield, components Sabalan cultivar wheat yield. Seed and Plant 19(3): 367-381. (In Persian with English Summary).
31. Thamrin, M., Susanto, S., Susila, A.D., and Sutandi, D.A. 2014. Correlation between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium leaf nutrient with fruit production of Pumello Citrus (Citrus maxima). Asian Journal of Applied Sciences 7(3): 129-139.
32. Wu, Q., and Xia, R. 2004. The relation between vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae and water metabolism in plants. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Sciences 20: 188-192.
33. Zaferanieh, M., Nezami, A., Parsa, M., Porsa, H., and Bagheri, A. 2009. Evaluation of fall sowing of cold tolerant chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasms under complementary irrigation in Mashhad condition: 2- Yield and yield components. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 7(2): 473-481. (In Persian with English Summary).
CAPTCHA Image