بررسی تأثیر کاربرد زئولیت و پتاسیم بر برخی از صفات و عملکرد نخود(Cicer arietinum L.) در مدیریت‌های مختلف آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی همدان

3 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی گرگان

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف آبیاری و مصرف مقادیر مختلف زئولیت و پتاسیم بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود رقم آزاد، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 94-1393 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی همدان به‌صورت اسپلیت ‌فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل رژیم رطوبتی در چهار سطح (شرایط دیم (بدون آبیاری)، آبیاری در مرحله گل‌دهی، آبیاری در مرحله غلاف­دهی و آبیاری هم در مرحله گل­دهی و هم غلاف­دهی) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و ترکیب تیماری مقدار زئولیت در سه سطح شامل 0، 15 و 30 تن در هکتار و مقدار پتاسیم در سه سطح شامل 0، 100 و 200کیلوگرم در هکتار (از منبع سولفات ‌پتاسیم) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بود. نتایج نشان داد که سطوح مختلف آبیاری، زئولیت و پتاسیم تأثیر معنی‌داری بر پرولین، غلظت پتاسیم دانه، پروتئین، میزان کلروفیل در زمان گلدهی و پرشدن دانه، عملکرد دانه، وزن بوته داشتند. اثر متقابل آبیاری و زئولیت در تمامی صفات به‌جز بر میزان کلروفیل در زمان پرشدن دانه معنی‌دار بود. در این بررسی بالاترین عملکرد دانه از آبیاری در مرحله گل‌دهی و غلاف‌دهی و مصرف 30 تن زئولیت در هکتار به‌دست آمد. با مصرف پتاسیم عملکرد دانه از 8 تا 13درصد افزایش یافت، به‌طوری که با مصرف 200کیلوگرم پتاسیم عملکرد دانه به 1243کیلوگرم در هکتار رسید. نتایج بررسی نشان داد که مرحله گل‌دهی حساس‌ترین مرحله به کمبود آب است و مصرف زئولیت و پتاسیم در شرایط تنش می‌تواند با تعدیل خسارات ناشی از تنش خشکی، اثر مثبتی بر عملکرد دانه داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of zeolite and potassium on some of characteristic and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the different irrigation management

نویسندگان [English]

  • soode maleki 1
  • Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam 1
  • Sayyed Hossein Sabbaghpour 2
  • Abbas Ali Noorinia 3
  • Hossein Sabouri 1
1 University of Gonbad Kavoos
2 Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education of Hamadan
3 Center of Agricultural Research and Natural Resources of Gorgan
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is grown predominantly in Mediterranean environment where yield is faced with abiotic stresses such as water deficit. Due to shortage of water resources and sequential cropping in many areas, it is necessary to manage the irrigation water, because this would cause inadequate irrigation. Therefore, in order to achieve the maximum yield and efficient use of available water, prevention of waste of water is necessary. One of the reasons for the use of zeolite in agricultural production and productivity of soil, is the moisture absorption and maintain the property for a long time and prevent environmental pollution. Zeolite acts as a slow release fertilizer, giving the plant access to water and nutrients for more times. Also zeolite caused significant saving in water use and reducing the amount of fertilizer. Thus helping to decrease the amount of water used per crop and the contamination of aquifers due to overuse of chemical fertilizers. Adjustment of drought negative effects by maintaining inflammation pressure, transpiration reduction and increase of water use efficiency has been through consumption of potassium. Although potassium unlike N and P, does not enter into the composition of any product. Potassium has an important role either direct or indirect, under different environments, in major plant processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, protein synthesis, enzyme activation, water uptake, osmoregulation, growth and yield of plant. Considering the importance of chickpea in nutrition of human and weather conditions of arid and semiarid, supplementary irrigation is necessity for cultivation of this plant in Iran; with regard to role of zeolite and potassium in reducing sensitivity of plants to water deficit and since there is limited published work about the effect of application of potassium sulphate combined with zeolite, this research was conducted to compare their effects on some of characteristics and yield of chickpea.
 
Materials & Methods
In order to study the effect of different irrigation regimes and different Zeolite and Potassium application on quality characteristics and yield of chickpea cv Azad, an experiment was conducted as split factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Station of Agriculture and Natural Resource Research center of Hamadan, during 2015 cropping season. Main plot included supplementary irrigation (check as non-irrigation, supplementary irrigation at flowering, irrigations at both flowering and pod setting and irrigation at pod setting stages) and subplot included three levels of zeolite (Z0=0, Z1=15 and Z2=30 ton ha-1) and three levels of potassium fertilizer (K0=0, K1=150 and K2= 250 kg ha-1 K2SO4) that located as split factorial in each sub plot. In this study, the amount of proline, potassium, protein, chlorophyll content (flowering and pod setting stage), seed yield and Plant weight were determined. Software SAS Ver. 9.1 was used for the statistical analysis and the means were compared by using Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 0.05 level of significance.
 
 Results & Discussion
The results showed that the different irrigation regimes, Zeolite and Potassium fertilizer levels had significant effect on proline, potassium, protein, chlorophyll (flowering stage), chlorophyll (pod setting stage) and seed yield. The results indicated that drought stress significantly decreased leaf potassium and leaf chlorophyll whereas protein percent and proline were increased. Interaction between irrigation and Zeolite was significant except for chlorophyll (pod setting). In this study, the highest plant weight and seed yield were obtained under irrigations at both flowering and pod setting along with 30 ton ha-1 zeolite. Enhanced proline accumulation during stress indicates that proline is thought to play a cardinal role as an osmoregulatory solute in plants. The flowering stage in chickpea cultivars is the most sensitive stage to drought stress and in deficit watercondition supplemental irrigation in this stage may considerably increases yield of chickpea.
 
Conclusion
Production in dry land farming systems in Iran is limited by deficiency of water. Chickpea has good potential to increase production in dry land conditions. Zeolite and potassium consumption can be positive effects on yield and quality characteristic of chickpea in severity and moderately stress conditions. It is concluded that zeolite and potassium consumption with ameliorate damages due to water stress could be effective on plant and formation economical yield in conditions of Hamadan region. Zeolite application in lands which are exposure to late season drought stress can keep soil water content and improve seed yield and production. Therefore, considering water shortage in drought area of the country, application of zeolite can be useful to save more water that leads to produce more yield. According to results of this study, potassium sulfate consumption has been enhanced 8 to 13 percent grain yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Potassium
  • Irrigation regime
  • Zeolite
  • quality characteristic

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