تأثیر تغذیه برگی میکرو و نانو ذرات عنصر روی بر برخی صفات رشدی و کیفی ماش (Vigna radiata L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد دامغان

3 دانشگاه شاهرود

4 تهران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثرات محلول‌پاشی عنصر روی بر رشد و عملکرد ماش تحت تأثیر تنش آب، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خُرد‌شده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی شاهرود در سال زراعی 91-1390 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل تنش کم‌آبی در دو سطح: یک نوبت قطع آبیاری در مرحله50درصد گلدهی، یک نوبت قطع آبیاری در مرحله50درصد غلافدهی و شاهد (آبیاری کامل)، به‌عنوان کرت اصلی و تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی عنصر روی در کرت‌های فرعی در چهار سطح پنج و 10‌گرم در لیتر نانو اکسید روی (Nano-ZnO) و پنج و 10‌گرم در لیتر اکسید روی (Zno) و شاهد (بدون محلول‌پاشی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد محلول‌پاشی عنصر روی به شکل‌های معمولی و نانو، ارتفاع گیاه، محتوای پرولین و عملکرد بیولوژیک و دانه را در حالت تنش خشکی و عدم تنش خشکی به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش داد. بیشترین تأثیر عنصر روی بر گیاه به‌ترتیب مربوط به کاربرد 10‌گرم نانواکسید روی، 10‌گرم اکسیدروی، پنج گرم نانو اکسید روی و پنج گرم اکسید روی بود. محلول‌پاشی با 10‌گرم نانو ذرات اکسید روی در شرایط عدم تنش، تنش در گلدهی و غلافدهی به‌ترتیب باعث افزایش 6/6 ، 6/3 و 4/5‌درصدی عملکرد نسبت به عدم کاربرد آن گردید. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، محلول‌پاشی عنصر روی به‌صورت نانو ذرات نسبت به اکسید روی معمولی تأثیر بیشتری بر کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در گیاه ماش نشان داد

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of foliar application of Zinc oxide in common and nanoparticles forms on some growth and quality traits of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under drought stress conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • hassan makarian 1
  • Hassan Shojaei 2
  • Ali Damavandi 2
  • Abbas Nasiri Dehsorkhi 3
  • Ahmad Akhyani 4
1 Ferdowsi university of Mashhad
2 Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University
3 University of Shahrood
4 Tehran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important, environment friendly staple food legume with rich source of proteins, vitamins, and minerals for human. Drought stress is one of the most adverse factors of Mungbean growth and productivity. Proper nutrition under stress conditions could partly help the plant to tolerate different stresses. Zinc plays a key role in the synthesis of proteins, DNA, and RNA. By consumption of zinc, it is possible to improve the growth status of the plant in stress conditions. Various studies were carried out to understand the effect of nanoparticles on the growth of plants. For example, Hong et al. (2005) and Yang et al. (2006) reported that a proper concentration of nano-TiO2 was found to improve the growth of spinach by promoting photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism. Nano-particles have high reactivity because of more specific surface area, more density of reactive areas, or increased reactivity of these areas on the particle surfaces. Thus, the objective of this research was to investigate the effect of foliar application of Zno2 in common and nanoparticles forms on growth traits and yield of mungbean (V. radiata L.) under drought stress condition.

Materials & Methods
Experiment was carried out as a split plot in complete randomized block design with four replications in Shahrood Agricultural Research Center during the growing season of 2011-2012. Water stress at three levels (control, cutting of irrigation in 50% flowering and 50% pod setting stages) were assigned as main plots and zinc oxide foliar application in five levels (control, 5 and 10 gl-1 nano sized zinc oxide and 5 and 10 gl-1 non-nano-scale zinc oxide) were randomized in sub-plots. According to soil analysis experiment results, the soil was loam and having pH=7.8; EC=1.5 (dS/m); 0.4% of organic carbon; 0.08% N; 10, 280 and 1.1 ppm of P, K and Zn respectively. Zinc spraying on leaves was done two times at 40 and 55 day after planting. The plots were 24 m2 with 6 sowing rows, 4 m long. Seeds were placed at 3 to 5 cm depth in each row. Irrigation operations were performed until the emergence once every 7 days. Afterwards at 50% flowering and 50% of pod formation stages, irrigation was disrupted. Intended traits were measured in the end of crop season. All data collected were subjected of analysis of variance (ANOVA) using MSTATC software procedure and the significant treatment means were separated using Duncan's multiple range test.

Results & Discussion
Results showed that the drought stress at flowering and podding stages decreased the height, number of branches, chlorophyll a, b, grain and biological yield in comparison to control treatment significantly, but the effect of drought stress at podding stage was more than drought stress at flowering. Water deficit in the plant disrupts many cellular and whole plant functions, having a negative impact on plant growth and reproduction. Thus, it is one of the most yield limiting factors as it affects growth and development. Seed protein and proline content increased under drought stress significantly, while there was no significant difference for carotenoid content between treatments. Foliar application of Zinc in common and nanoparticles forms increased the height, proline content, grain and biological yield in comparison to control treatment significantly. The results showed that foliar application of 10 grams per liter nano zinc oxide in normal and drought stress at flowering and podding stages increased the grain yield by 6.6, 3.6 and 5.4 percent in comparison to no spraying treatments respectively. The maximum effects of Zinc on increasing of traits was found by foliar application of 10 grams per liter nano zinc oxide, 10 grams per liter zinc oxide, 5 grams per liter nano zinc oxide and 5 grams per liter zinc oxide respectively. With the completion of Micro-Nutrients consumption through spraying, the growth state of plant can be improved in stress conditions. Liu et al. (2005) reported that nano-Fe2O3 promoted the growth and photosynthesis of peanut. Prasad et al. (2012) reported that nano-scale zinc oxide particles increased stem and root growth and pod yield of peanut as compared with ZnSO4 application. Reduction of particle size results in increased number of particles per unit of weight and specific surface area of a fertilizer that should increase contact of fertilizer with plant leading to increase in nutrient uptake. Nanoparticles have high reactivity because of more specific surface area, more density of reactive areas, or increased reactivity of these areas on the particle surfaces. These features in nano-scale simplify their absorption in plants.

Conclusion
Mungbean growth characteristics could positively influence by foliar application of zinc oxide as nano and micro-particles in drought stress conditions. But, the effects of nano-scale zinc oxide particles on plant growth and yield was more in comparison to micro particles zinc oxide in stress and non-stressed conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • grain yield
  • Proline content
  • Water deficit stress

مراجع

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پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران
دوره 8، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
اردیبهشت 1396
صفحه 166-180

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