اثر سطوح آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی لوبیا قرمز (Phaseolous vulgaris L.)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه یاسوج

چکیده

به‌‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی عناصر آهن و روی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی لوبیا قرمز (Phaseolous vulgaris L.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت طرح کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شهرستان لردگان در تابستان 1390 اجرا شد. سطوح آبیاری به‌عنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح: آبیاری پس از 50، 75 و 100 میلی‌متر تبخیر، و محلول‌پاشی به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در چهار سطح: محلول‌پاشی با آب (شاهد)، سولفات آهن (سه گرم در لیتر)، سولفات روی (سه گرم در لیتر) و ترکیب سولفات آهن و روی (سه گرم در لیتر) در نظر گرفته شد. در این آزمایش عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و خصوصیات کیفی دانه لوبیا مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد آبیاری بر کلیه صفات مورد مطالعه به‌جز تعداد دانه در غلاف و میزان آهن و روی دانه معنی‌دار گردید. بیشترین و کمترین تعداد غلاف در بوته، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای آبیاری پس از 50 و 100 میلی‌متر تبخیر به‌دست آمد. همچنین بیشترین و کمترین میزان پروتئین دانه به‌ترتیب برابر با 6/25 و 8/19 درصد در تیمارهای آبیاری پس از 100 و 50 میلی‌متر تبخیر به‌دست آمد. تأثیر محلول‌پاشی بر کلیه صفات مورد مطالعه به‌جز شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار گردید. بیشترین تعداد دانه در غلاف (86/3)، تعداد غلاف در بوته (53/8)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (7535 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و پروتئین دانه (71/23 درصد) در تیمار محلول‌پاشی توأم آهن و روی، و کمترین آنها به‌ترتیب برابر با 38/3، 48/6، 6259 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 18/22 درصد در تیمار شاهد به‌دست آمد. محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی غلظت این عناصر در دانه را به‌طور معنی‌داری نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. تأثیر محلول‌پاشی بر وزن صد دانه در تیمارهای آبیاری پس از 50 و 75 میلی‌متر تبخیر معنی‌دار گردید، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین وزن صد دانه در هر دو سطح آبیاری مربوط به تیمار محلول‌پاشی توأم آهن و روی و کمترین آن مربوط به تیمار شاهد بود. اثر متقابل آبیاری و محلول‌پاشی بر عملکرد دانه نشان داد که در تیمارهای آبیاری پس از 75 و 100 میلی‌متر تبخیر بیشترین عملکرد در تیمار محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی برابر با 2513 و 1747 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین آن در تیمار شاهد برابر با 2005 و 1062 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of irrigation levels and foliar application with iron and zinc on quantitative and qualitative traits of red bean (Phaseolous vulgaris L. (

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rohollah Saeidi Aboueshaghi
  • Alireza Yadavi
Yasouj
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effects of irrigation levels and foliar application with Fe and Zn on quantitative and qualitative traits of red bean, an experiment was designed as split plot based on a completely randomized block design with three replications in Lordegan country in summer 2011. Irrigation as the main plot at three level such on: irrigation after 50, 75 and 100 mm evaporation, and foliar application as the sub-plot included four level: foliar application with water (control), ferrous sulfate (3 g.L-1), zinc sulfate (3 g.L-1), and mixture of ferrous sulfate and zinc (3 g.L-1). In this experiment yield, yield component and qualitative traits of seed bean was evaluated. The results showed that irrigation had a significant effect on all traits of red bean, except for seed number and seed iron and zinc contents. The highest and the lowest pod number, biological yield and harvest index achieved in irrigation after 50 and 100 mm evaporation, respectively. Also, the highest (25.6 %) and the lowest (19.8 %) seed protein content belonged in irrigation after 100 and 50 mm evaporation, respectively. The effect of foliar application on all traits except harvest index was significant. The highest number of seeds per pod (3.86), number of pods per plant (8.53), biological yield (7535 kg.ha-1) and seed protein (23.71 %), obtained with iron and zinc foliar application treatment and lowest of them (3.38, 6.48, 6259 kg.ha-1 and 22.18 % respectively) obtained in the control treatment. Foliar application with iron and zinc increased the concentrations of these elements in seed compared to control significantly. The effect of spray on 100-seeds weight in treatments irrigation after 50 and 75 mm evaporation was significant. So, that the highest 100-seeds weight in two surface irrigation was in foliar application with iron and zinc treatments, and the lowest was in the control. Interaction between irrigation and foliar application on seed yield showed that in treatments irrigation after 75 and 100 mm evaporation, the highest yield (2513 and 1747 kg.ha-1) achieved in iron and zinc foliar application and the lowest (2005 and 1062 kg.ha-1) obtained in control.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Micro element
  • Protein
  • Water stress
  • yield
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