بررسی امکان کاشت پاییزه نخود در شرایط آب و هوایی سراوان

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ولایت، ایرانشهر

2 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 مجتمع آموزش‌عالی سراوان

چکیده

در برخی مناطق‌ گرم و خشک، وجود فصل رشد مناسب در طول پاییز و زمستان و وقوع درجه‌حرارت بالا در بهار سبب گرایش به کشت نخود در پاییز شده است. بنابراین به‌منظور بررسی مقدماتی امکان کاشت پاییزه نخود
(Cicer arietinum L.) در شرایط آب و هوایی سراوان، آزمایشی در پاییز سال1388 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سراوان به‌صورت کرت‌های خُردشده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. کرت های اصلی شامل سه تاریخ کاشت (20مهر، 11آبان و اول آذر) و کرت های فرعی شامل پنج ژنوتیپ نخود MCC488, MCC208, MCC258, MCC770, MCC361))‌ بودند. تاریخ کاشت تأثیر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد دانه، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته، تعداد غلاف خالی، وزن100دانه، عملکرد زیستی، عملکرد اقتصادی و شاخص برداشت داشت و گیاهان کشت‌شده در 20مهر بیشترین عملکرد دانه را داشتند. اثر ژنوتیپ نیز بر کلیه صفات اندازه‌گیری‌شده معنی دار شد و ژنوتیپ MCC361 با میانگین عملکرد دانه 6/204‌گرم در مترمربع بیشترین عملکرد را دارا بود. اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت و ژنوتیپ، معنی‌دار شد و بیشترین عملکرد دانه را ژنوتیپMCC361 در تاریخ کاشت اول (20مهر) با میانگین 255‌گرم در مترمربع و کمترین آن را ژنوتیپMCC770 در تاریخ کاشت سوم (اول آذر) با میانگین 55/17‌گرم در مترمربع داشتند. همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری بین عملکرد دانه با تعداد غلاف در بوته (**84/0r= )، تعداد دانه در بوته (**63/0r= )، عملکرد زیستی (**55/0r= ) و شاخص برداشت (**55/0r= ) مشاهده شد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که هرچند کاشت پاییزه نخود در منطقه سراوان موفقیت‌آمیز بوده است، ولی برای حصول نتایج مطمئن‌تر، تداوم این‌گونه آزمایش‌ها و بررسی دقیق‌تر واکنش ارقام نخود به کاشت‌های پاییزه توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Possibility of chickpea autumn planting in Saravan condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Zafaranieh 1
  • Ahmad Nezami 2
  • Seyyed Masoud Ziaee 3
  • Mitra Jabbari 3
1 Iranshahr, Iran
2 Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Saravan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Long season and high temperature during spring in hot and dry areas has led to tendency for autumn planting. In order to evaluation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) autumn planting possibility, a field experiment was done at the Agricultural Faculty and Natural Resources of Saravan Research Field in 2010. Experimental design was done as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots and subplots included three planting dates (11 Oct., 2 Nov., 22 Nov), and five chickpea genotypes (MCC488, MCC208, MCC258, MCC770, MCC361), respectively. The effect of planting date on plant height, pod number per plant, seed number per plant, empty pods, 100-seed weight, biological and seed yield and harvest index was significant. The highest seed yield was achieved in first planting date (11 Oct.). Plant dry matter production and seed yield decreased with delaying of planting date. The effect of genotype on all measured parameters, was also significant (p≤ 0.05) and the genotype MCC361 had the highest seed yield (204 g.m-2). The interaction effect of planting date and genotype was significant and MCC361 had the highest seed yield (with average 255 g.m-2) at first planting date (11 Oct.) and the lowest yield was belong to genotype MCC 770 (17.55 g.m-2) at second planting date (22 Nov.). There were good correlation coefficient between seed yield with number of pod per plant (r= 0.84**), number of seed per plant (r= 0.63**), biological yield (r= 0.55**) and harvest index (r= 0.55**). Although the results showed that the autumn planting of chickpea in Saravan region has been successful, but to obtain more reliable results, continuation of these experiments and more accurate response to the winter chickpea planting is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chickpea
  • Genotype
  • Planting date
  • yield
  • Yield components

مراجع

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