بررسی اثر سالیسیلیک‌اسید‌ و جیبرلین بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ماش (Vigna radiata)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زاهدان

2 مجتمع آموزش عالی سراوان

چکیده

چکیده
هورمون‌های گیاهی از جمله سالیسیلیک‌اسید‌ و جیبرلین بر صفات کمّی و کیفی گیاهان زراعی مؤثر‌ند. کاربرد خارجی تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی به‌عنوان راهکاری مؤثر برای بهبود مقاومت به شوری در گیاهان مطرح است. به‌منظور بررسی اثر سالیسیلیک‌اسید‌ و جیبرلین بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ماش، آزمایشی در سال 1393 در مرکز تحقیقات کشت‌و‌صنعت گوهرکوه خاش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی، با سه‌تکرار انجام شد. در این بررسی سالیسیلیک‌اسید در چهار‌غلظت مختلف شامل 0، 25، 50 و 100پی‌پی‌ام به‌عنوان عامل اول و جیبرلین در سه‌غلظت 0، 50 و 100پی‌پی‌ام به‌عنوان عامل دوم بودند. صفات مورد‌بررسی شامل ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد علوفه تَر و خشک، عملکرد دانه، وزن هزار‌دانه و شاخص برداشت بودند. نتایج نشان‌داد که در تیمار 50‌پی‌پی‌ام سالیسیلیک‌اسید‌ بهترین عملکرد علوفه خشک به‌میزان 1837‌کیلوگرم در هکتار و 49‌درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد، عملکرد دانه به‌میزان 3/513‌کیلوگرم در هکتار و 19/36‌درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد و شاخص برداشت نیز به‌میزان 11/27‌درصد بود که نسبت به شاهد 76/30‌درصد افزایش نشان‌داد و در تیمار 100‌پی‌پی‌ام جیبرلین بهترین عملکرد علوفه خشک به‌میزان 36/1469‌کیلوگرم در هکتار و 9/20‌درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد، عملکرد دانه به‌میزان 08/508‌کیلوگرم در هکتار و 09/31‌درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد و شاخص برداشت نیز به‌میزان 66/25‌درصد بود که نسبت به شاهد 45/20‌درصد افزایش نشان‌داد. به‌طور کلی می‌توان بیان کرد که سالیسیلیک‌اسید و جیبرلین بر صفات مورد‌بررسی تأثیر معنی‌دار مثبت داشتند و رشد بهتر بوته‌های ماش در تیمار 50‌پی‌پی‌ام سالیسیلیک‌اسید‌ و 100‌پی‌پی‌ام جیبرلین مشاهده شد.

واژه‌های کلیدی: تنظیم‌کننده رشد، درصد جوانه‌زنی، حبوبات، شاخص برداشت، عملکرد علوفه خشک، هورمون‌های گیاهی

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of salicylic acid and gibberellin on yield and yield components of Mungbean (Vigna radiata)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojtaba Keikha 1
  • Mohsen Noori 2
  • Abbas Keshtehgar 2
1 Islamic Azad University of Zahedan
2 Higher Educational Complex of Saravan
چکیده [English]

Introduction
The plant hormones such as salicylic acid and gibberellin can affect the quantity and quality of crops. External application of plant growth regulators as a strategy for improving salt tolerance in plants is discussed. Foreign Salicylic acid can regulate antioxidant enzyme activity and increase plant resistance to abiotic stresses. Salicylic acid reduction due to ethylene through the effect on the mechanisms of enzymatic and non-enzymatic of plant improves oxidative stress protection. Gibberellic acid increased amylase activity in the cotyledons of mung bean seedlings. Gibberellin are for the elongation of cells in the embryo and endosperm during seed germination.

Materials and Methods
In order to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid and gibberellin on yield and yield components of mung bean, an experiment was conducted using factorial experiment in the form of RCBD with three replications at Research Farm of Agro-Industry Center of Goharkooh Khash (Iran) in 2014. In this experiment salicylic acid was used at four different concentrations including A1 (0 ppm [control]), A2 (25 ppm), A3 (50 ppm) and A4 (100 ppm) as first factor and gibberellin in three different concentrations B1 (0 ppm [control]), B2 (50 ppm) and B3 (100 ppm) as second factor. Agricultural traits including plant height, forage yield, dry matter yield, grain yield, 1000 seed weight and harvest index.

Results and Discussions
The results showed that in the treatment of 50 ppm of salicylic acid the highest dry matter yield was obtained by 1837 kg per hectare and 49% increase compared to the control, 513.3 kg per hectare grain yield by 36.19% increase compared to control, and harvest index also amounted to 27.11 percent compared to the control was 30/76%. In the treatment of 100 ppm gibberellin best dry matter yield by 1469.36 kg per hectare and 20.9% increase compared with the control, grain yield by 508.08 kg per hectare yield and 31.09% increase compared to control, and harvest index by 25.66 percent and 20.45% compared to control increased, respectively. It seems that salicylic acid and gibberellin increased cell division in the meristem plantlets and thus improved the plant growth. Salicylic acid and gibberellin through proper inflammatory cells, increase division, elongation and cell differentiation, the allocation of the substances synthesized for growth and prolong the period of growth may rise to normal cells, and thus increase the plant height. The comparison shows that primed seeds to create favorable conditions by increasing plant height, relative water content, proline content and soluble sugar content reduction was significantly increased plant biomass and grain yield. Vetch dry matter accumulation yield, plant height and yield of forage plants can be attributed to a high levelof dry matter accumulation in different parts of the plant. Concentrations of salicylic acid and gibberellin treatments, have increasd plant height and ultimately produced a better performance. The use of these plant hormones can increase the rate of photosynthesis and the transfer of materials to the seeds. Reserves accumulated in the stem before pollination can also in some plants be used for grain filling, in addition to the present assimilate used, resulting in an increase in harvest index contributed. Foreign Salicylic acid can regulate antioxidant enzyme activity and increase plant resistance to abiotic stresses. Salicylic acid reduction due to ethylene through the effect on the mechanisms of enzymatic and non-enzymatic of plant improves oxidative stress protection. Gibberellic acid increased amylase activity in the cotyledons of mung bean seedlings. Gibberellin are for the elongation of cells in the embryo and endosperm during seed germination.

Conclusion
The results showed that in the treatment of 50 ppm of salicylic acid the highest dry matter yield was obtained by 1837 kg per hectare and 49% increase compared to the control, 513.3 kg per hectare grain yield by 36.19% increase compared to control, and harvest index also amounted to 27.11% compared to the control was 30/76%. In the treatment of 100 ppm gibberellin best dry matter yield by 1469.36 kg per hectare and 20.9% increase compared with the control, grain yield by 508.08 kg per hectare yield and 31.09% increase compared to control, and harvest index by 25.66 percent and 20.45% compared to control increased, respectively. In general it can be stated that salicylic acid and gibberellin have positive and significant impact on traits, and vetch plants grow better with treatment of 50 ppm of salicylic acid and 100 ppm of gibberellin.

Key words: Dry matter yield, Fabaceae, Germination percentage, Growth regulators, Harvest index, Plant hormones

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dry matter yield
  • Fabaceae
  • Germination percentage
  • Growth regulators
  • Harvest index
  • Plant hormones
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