برهمکنش اثرات شوری و سالیسیلیک‌اسید بر جوانه‌زنی، رشد و برخی از ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک ژنوتیپ‌های نخود (Cicer arietinum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

تحقیقات نشان‌داده است که سالیسیلیک‌اسید می‌تواند تحمل گیاهان به تنش‌های محیطی از جمله شوری را بهبود بخشد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر سالیسیلیک‌اسید بر صفات مربوط به جوانه‌زنی، رشد و برخی از خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی دو ژنوتیپ نخود (MCC414 و MCC789) در مواجهه با تنش شوری در مراحل گیاهچه‌ای و گلدهی انجام شد. این آزمایش در مرحله جوانه‌زنی در پنج‌سطح شوری شامل صفر، 3، 5، 10 و dsm-1‌12و سه غلظت صفر، 5/0 و یک میلی‌مولار سالیسیلیک‌اسید و در مرحله گیاهچه‌ای و گلدهی شامل سه‌سطح شوری صفر، 4 و dsm-18 و تیمار سالیسیلیک‌اسید با غلظت‌های صفر و 5/0 میلی‌مولار به‌صورت فاکتوریل، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه‌تکرار انجام شد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان‌داد که در هر دو ژنوتیپ با افزایش سطح تنش شوری، سرعت جوانه‌زنی کاهش یافت. کاربرد سالیسیلیک‌اسید (5/0‌میلی‌مولار) در ژنوتیپ MCC789 در سطح تنش شوری 3 و dsm-112 به‌ترتیب، سرعت و درصد جوانه‌زنی را بهبود بخشید. همچنین در سطح تنش شوری dsm-110 استفاده از سالیسیلیک‌اسید (یک و 5/0‌میلی‌مولار) سرعت جوانه‌زنی را در ژنوتیپ MCC414 افزایش داد. در این ژنوتیپ در شوری dsm-112 سالیسیلیک‌اسید (یک میلی‌مولار) سبب افزایش طول ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه شد و در ژنوتیپ MCC789، استفاده از سالیسیلیک‌اسید (5/0‌میلی‌مولار) در سطح تنش شوری dsm-13، طول ساقه‌چه را افزایش داد. در مرحلة گیاهچه‌ای کاهش وزن خشک ریشه و ساقه در سطوح مختلف تنش شوری مشاهده شد. در سطح شوری dsm-14، کاربرد خارجی سالیسیلیک‌اسید در ژنوتیپ MCC789 و MCC414 به‌ترتیب وزن خشک ساقه و مجموع طول ریشه‌ها را افزایش داد. در مرحلة گلدهی، در هر دو ژنوتیپ تنش شوری موجب کاهش شاخص کلروفیل، شاخص پایداری غشاء، میزان تعرق و کارایی فتوسیستم‌II و افزایش مقاومت روزنه‌ای شد. سالیسیلیک‌اسید در تنش شوری dsm-18، شاخص کلروفیل را در ژنوتیپ MCC789 و در ژنوتیپ MCC414 شاخص پایداری غشاء را افزایش داد. در هر دو ژنوتیپ سالیسیلیک‌اسید در تنش شوری dsm-1‌8، سبب کاهش مقاومت روزنه‌ای و افزایش کارایی فتوسیستم‌II شد. این نتایج می‌تواند گویای اثر تعدیل‌کنندة سالیسیلیک‌اسید بر جوانه‌زنی و فرآیند‌های فیزیولوژیک گیاه نخود تحت تنش شوری باشد. با توجه به نتایج، احتمالاً ژنوتیپ MCC789 نسبت به ژنوتیپ MCC414 از حساسیت بیشتری به تنش شوری برخوردار است.

واژه‌های کلیدی: تنش شوری، سالیسیلیک‌اسید، شاخص پایداری غشاء، کارایی فتوسیستم‌ΙΙ ، نخود

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Interaction effects of salinity and salicylic acid on germination, growth and some morpho-physiological characteristics of chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Ganjeali
  • Parvaneh Abrishamchi
  • Maryam Shoryabi
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Salinity has various effects on plant growth by affecting physiological processes. The decline in plant productivity under saline condition, frequently linked with the reduction of photosynthetic capability. It has been reported that efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) of numerous plant species have been decreased due to salt stress studies have shown that salicylic acid (SA( improves resistance of plants to environmental stresses (heat, cold, drought and salt stress). In this relation, convincing data have showed that the SA-induced enhances resistance of plants to the salinity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to estimate salicylic acid effects on germination, growth and some physiological characteristics of two chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.) in salt stress condition.

Materials and Methods
In this research we studied the effects of different concentrations of SA (0.5 and 1mM), on chickpea genotypes (MCC414, MCC789) during growth stages (germination, seedling and flowering) under salinity stress. Five levels of salinity including 0, 3, 5, 10 and 12 dsm-1 in germination stage and three levels of salinity (0, 4 and 8 dsm-1) at seedling and flowering stages) were employed separately in a factorial experiment based on Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications.

Results and Discussion
Results of means comparison showed that germination rate, significantly decreased under salt stress in both genotypes (P≤0.05). Under salt stress, increasing the osmotic pressure and the reduction seeds water absorption and the toxic effects of sodium and chlorine ions, can affect seed germination. Exogenouse application of SA concentrations (0.5 mM), under salt stress (3 and 12 dsm-1) increased rate and percentage of germination in MCC789 genotype. For MCC414 genotype, the combination of the treatment with salicylic acid (0.5 and 1 mM) and salinity (10 dsm-1) increased significantly germination rate. In same genotype, radicle and coleoptile length increased significantly after treating with SA (1mM) in salt stress (12 dsm-1). Exogenous application of SA concentration (0.5 mM), under salt stress (3 dsm-1) increased coleoptile length in MCC789 genotype (P≤0.05). Seed priming with SA leads to an activation of germination and seedling growth, while the enhancement of the division of root apical cells are important contribution to the growth stimulating effect of SA. In seedling stage, salinity decreased stem and root dry weight. SA and on some salinity levels, significantly increased stem dry weight in MCC789 and total root length in MCC414 genotype (P≤0.05). The decline in plant productivity under saline condition is frequently linked with the reduction in leaf area and stomatal conductance. Positive effects of SA on growth characteristics, in wheat, barley and maize have been reported. In both genotype, chlorophyll index, transpiration rate, membrane stability index and efficiency of PSII photochemistry significantly decreased and stomatal resistance increased under salt stress in flowering stage. Serious reduction in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate are adaptive mechanisms under salt stress. Halophytes such as Beta vulgaris and Spartina townsendi have salinity tolerance and show a combination of low photosynthesis, minimal transpiration, high stomatal resistance and low internal CO2 concentrations. Studies showed chlorophyll contents decreased under saline condition. Biochemical analysis of leaves of different maize cultivars for proline and chlorophyll contents indicated that proline accumulation increased and chlorophyll contents decreased under saline condition. SA application increased chlorophyll index and membrane stability index respectively in MCC789 and MCC414 genotypes. In both genotypes, stomatal resistance, significantly decreased and efficiency of PSII photochemistry increased with SA treatment under salt stress (12 dsm-1) (P≤0.05). Studies have shown that salicylic acid protects membranes by increasing polyamines such as putrescine, spermine, spermidine, as well as membrane sustainable complexes. In wheat, SA application improves the Fv/Fm. Szepesi et al, (2005) reported SA (10-6 and 10-7 M) could increase Fv/Fm in tomato plants under drought stress.

Conclusion
The results indicated that the modulator effects on salicylic acid on germination and other physiological processes of chickpea genotypes under salt stress.

Key words: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Efficiency of PSII photochemistry, Growth parameters, Membrane stability index, Salicylic acid, Salt stress

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
  • Efficiency of PSII photochemistry
  • growth parameters
  • Membrane stability index
  • salicylic acid
  • Salt stress
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