تأثیر تنش شوری و هیدروپرایمینگ بر ویژگی‌هایجوانه‌زنی بذور ماش‌سبز (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

جوانه‌زنی و سبز‌شدن سریع بذر، یک عامل مهم و تعیین‌کننده عملکرد نهایی گیاهان است. تنش شوری مهم‌ترین عامل غیر‌زیستی تهدیدکننده گیاهان به‌ویژه لوبیا است. امروزه تکنیک پیش‌تیمار بذر به‌عنوان عامل بهبود‌دهنده جوانه‌زنی و استقرار تحت تنش‌های محیطی معرفی‌شده است. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی اثر هیدروپرایمینگ بر ویژگی‌هایجوانه‌زنی ماش‌سبز تحت تأثیر تنش شوری به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل پیش‌تیمار بذر، در چهار‌سطح، صفر، 8، 16 و 24ساعتهیدروپرایمینگ و تنش شوری در پنج‌سطح، صفر، 2، 4، 6، 8 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر بود. در این آزمایش صفات درصد جوانه‌زنی، طول ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه، وزن تَر ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه، وزن خشک ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه، ضریب‌آلومتریک، درصد آب بافت گیاهچه و بنیه بذر اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج این آزمایش نشان‌دادکه در کلیه متغیرهای مورد‌بررسی اختلاف بسیار معنی‌داری بین سطوح تیمارها وجود داشت. علاوه‌بر این، در برهم‌کنش هیدروپرایمینگ و تنش شوری، طول ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه، وزن تَر و وزن‌خشک ریشه‌چه، وزن‌خشک ساقه‌چه، ضریب‌آلومتریک و درصد آب بافت گیاهچه اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح یک‌درصد داشته و از نظر وزن تَر ساقه‌چه در سطح پنج‌درصد اختلاف معنی‌داری دیده شد. این در‌حالی است که از نظر میانگین و درصد جوانه‌زنی و بنیه بذر تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نگردید. بیشترین میانگین درصد جوانه‌زنی، طول و وزن خشک ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه و بنیه بذر در تیمار آب‌مقطر و 24ساعتهیدروپرایمینگ مشاهده شد. بیشترین وزن تَر ریشه‌چه و ضریب‌آلومتریک در تیمار آب‌مقطر و 8ساعتهیدروپرایمینگ مشاهده شد. از نظر درصد آب بافت گیاهچه، تیمار آب‌مقطر و 24ساعتهیدروپرایمینگ کمترین مقدار را به‌خود اختصاص داد. کلیه متغیرهای مورد‌بررسیبه‌جُز درصد آب بافت گیاهچه در شوری 8‌دسی‌زیمنس بر متر و بدون هیدروپرایمینگ کمترین مقادیر را داشتند. به‌طور کلی، هیدروپرایمینگ توانست از طریق ارتقاء سرعت و یکنواختی جوانه‌زنی و افزایش میزان بنیه گیاهچه، اثرات نامطلوب تنش شوری را بهبود‌داده و موجب افزایش شاخص‌هایجوانه‌زنی گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of salt stress and hydropriming on germination characteristics of Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)

نویسندگان [English]

  • majid ghanbari 1
  • kamran mansour ghanaei pashaki 2
  • saber safaei abdolmanaf 2
  • khadijeh aziz ali abadi 2
1 trbiat modares university
2 university of guilan
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Legumes are the most important source of vegetable protein supply. Mungbean (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek) produces seeds contain 22-25 percent protein and high nutritional value for human and also is a major source of protein in most modern societies. Rapid seed germination and emergency, is an important factor determining the ultimate yield of the plant. Salinity is the most important non-life-threatening of plants, especially in the bean. Drought has affect plant growth by reducing water potential in the root zone or create toxicity the sodium and chlorine ions in seedling and or through nutrient imbalance by decrease in absorption rate or a reduction in the transmission rate of the shoots. Nowadays the seed pretreatment technique has introduced as an agent for improvement, seed germination and plant establishment under environmental stress. Seed priming with using pure water is a very simple and cost-effective method that reduce the time required for water absorption in seeds, the mean and percent of germination is improved and expedited emergence and establishment of seedling.

Materials & Methods
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of hydropriming on germination component of mung bean under salinity stress, with a factorial experiment using a RBD design with four replications. The hydropriming at 4 levels (0, 8, 16 and 24 hours) and the salinity stress at 5 levels of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 dsi/m were used. Before running the test, seeds were washed with a solution of 10% sodium hypochlorite disinfectant for 15 minutes and then 3 times with distilled water.To hydropriming, Seeds were soaked according to levels specified time in distilled water at 25 °Celsius (room temperature). Then 25 seeds were placed within a sterile Petri dish with filter paper. The potential of zero bar was used for distilled water. Five ml of NaCl solution with the potential of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 ds/m was added to each petri dish. Then petri dishes were coated by parafilm and placed in Germinator at 25 ° Celsius and in the dark for 8 days. The average and percent germination, the radicle and plumule length, fresh weight and dry weight, allometric index, seedling water percent and seed vigor of mung bean were measured.

Results & Discussion
The results showed that there were significant differences between treatments for all the variables.In addition, the interaction of hydropriming with salinity stress had a highly significant effect on radicle and plumule length, fresh weight and dry weight, allometric index, seedlings, water percent while there was no significant differences in treatments for average and percent germination and seed vigor. Mean comparisons showed that the highest percentage of germination, radicle and plumule length, dry weight and seed vigorwere related to distilled water and 24 hours hydropriming treatment. The highest radicle and plumule fresh weight and allometric index were related to distilled water and 8 hour hydropriming. The lowest of seedling water percent was related to distilled water and 24 hour hydropriming. The lowest traits were observed in plants under salinity stress at 8 dsi/m and non-hydropriming except seedling water percent. The results of this study showed that with increasing of salinity all indicators of germination decreased. Hydropriming treatment improves seed germination indicators under salt stress in mungbean plant. Hydropriming improves cell division and growth seedling, increases the rate of net photosynthesis and protein synthesis and with modification of osmotic balance fixes turgor pressure in seedling and prevents plasmolysis of seedling. Hydropriming by increasing the availability of ATP, increase the integrity of cell membranes, change membrane components such as fatty acids and prevent spills out of the seeds during seed priming and thus increase seedling growth can improve germination indices.

Conclusion
Since the hydropriming is easy, low cost and low risk method, can be used as an effective strategy to increase the germination percentage, speed and uniformity of germination (McDonald, 2000), emergence of seeds and improving quality and quantity of the yield under the adverse conditions (Ma et al., 2006) and increase resistance to salinity in plants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Germination
  • Hydropriming
  • Salt
  • Seedling growth indicators
  • Vigna radiate
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