اثر محلول‌پاشی نانو ذرات دی‌اُکسید تیتانیوم بر کلروفیل، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد عدس (Lens culinaris Medik)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تهران

2 آزاد تاکستان

3 دانشگاه آزاد واحد شهر قدس

چکیده

یک ذره که حداقل ابعاد آن از 100‌نانومتر تجاوز نکند، به‌عنوان یک نانوذره شناخته می‌شود. نانوذرات با نسبت بالایی از سطح به حجم یا وزن، دارای تأثیر فیزیکی و شیمیایی زیادی هستند. نانو ذرات دارای کاربردهای زیادی در زندگی روزمره هستند. عدس یکی از محصولات عمده حبوبات در سراسر جهان از جمله ایران است. به‌منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌‌پاشی نانو ذرات دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم بر برخی صفات زراعی عدس، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان در سال 1390 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل شش سطح محلول‌پاشی با نانو ذرات دی‌اُکسید تیتانیوم (صفر، 01/0، 02/0، 03/0، 04/0 و 05/0) و دو زمان محلول‌پاشی (60درصد ساقه‌روی و 50درصد گلدهی) بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل محلول‌پاشی غلظت‌های مختلف نانوذرات دی‌اُکسید تیتانیوم× مرحله رشدی بر صفاتی مانند عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن صد دانه، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد غلاف پوک و کلروفیلb و شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار بود. تیمارهای شاهد دارای بیشترین میزان کلروفیلb در هر دو مرحله بودند و کمترین میزان کلروفیلb در تیمار 01/0درصد نانو ذرات دی‌اُکسید تیتانیوم در مرحله 60درصد ساقه‌روی مشاهده شد. غلظت نانوذرات دی‌اُکسید تیتانیوم 01/0درصد محلول‌پاشی‌شده در مرحله 60درصد ساقه‌روی، بیشترین ارتفاع بوته را داشت و غلظت نانو ذرات دی‌اُکسید تیتانیوم 05/0درصد محلول‌پاشی‌شده در مرحله ساقه‌روی کمترین تأثیر را روی ارتفاع گیاه عدس داشت. غلظت نانو ذرات دی‌اُکسید تیتانیوم 02/0درصد محلول‌پاشی‌شده در مرحله 60درصد ساقه‌روی دارای بیشترین عملکرد دانه بود؛ هرچند با تیمار 01/0درصد محلول‌پاشی در همین مرحله اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت. غلظت نانوذرات دی‌اُکسید تیتانیوم 02/0درصد محلول‌پاشی‌شده در مرحله گلدهی دارای کمترین عملکرد دانه بود. بیشترین شاخص برداشت مربوط به تیمار با غلظت نانوذرات دی‌اُکسید تیتانیوم 05/0درصد و محلول‌پاشی‌شده در مرحله 60درصد ساقه‌روی و کمترین شاخص برداشت مربوط به تیمار با غلظت نانوذرات دی‌اُکسید تیتانیوم 04/0درصد محلول‌پاشی‌شده در مرحله 60درصد ساقه‌روی بود. وزن صد دانه در غلظت نانو ذرات دی‌اُکسید تیتانیوم 01/0‌درصد محلول‌پاشی‌شده در مرحله 60درصد ساقه‌روی دارای بیشترین میانگین بود و غلظت نانوذرات دی‌اُکسید تیتانیوم 01/0‌درصد محلول‌پاشی‌شده در مرحله گلدهی کمترین وزن صد دانه را داشت. تیمار نانو ذرات تیتانیوم با مقادیر 05/0درصد و 02/0درصد به‌ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین تأثیر را بر میزان کلروفیلa داشت. همچنین مصرف نانو ذرات تیتانیوم در مرحله 50درصد گلدهی و 60درصد ساقه دهی به‌ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین تأثیر را بر میزان کلروفیلa داشته است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد با این‌که تیمار نانو باعث افزایش در صفات کمی و کیفی گیاه زراعی عدس شد، ولی برای استفاده از نانوذرات توجه به جنبه‌های ایمنی زیست‌محیطی آن اهمیت خاصی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of nano particle TiO2 spraying on chlorophyll, yield and yield components of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik)

نویسندگان [English]

  • hossein nouri 1
  • milad soltanieh 2
  • payam moaveni 3
1 University of Tehran
2 Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch, Iran
3 Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
A particle in which at least one of the dimensions does not exceed 100 nm is classified as a nanoparticle. Nanoparticles are characterized by high ratio of surface area to volume or weight, what strongly influences physical and chemical properties of Nano sized materials. Nano products find applications in many fields of daily life. Lentil is one of the major legumes crops in all over the world including Iran. It is a cheap source of high quality protein in the diets of millions in developing countries, who cannot afford animal protein for balanced nutrition and also rich in important vitamins, minerals, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber.

Material & Methods
To study the effect of nanoparticle Tio2 spray on some agronomic traits of lentil, a factorial experiment was carried out based on RCBD with four replications in Zanjan University on 2011. Treatments included six levels of nanoparticle Tio2 solution spray (control, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04% and 0.05%) and two times of spraying (flowering and 60% steaming stage).

Results & Discussion
Results showed spray concentration × application time interaction on grain and biological yield, number of pod per plant, number of grain per pod, 100 grain weight, plant height, number pod hollow and chlorophyll b and harvest index was significant. But spray concentration × application time interaction on chlorophyll a was not significant. Mean comparison of the traits showed that the highest amount of chlorophyll b was obtained with applying 0.01% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at both stage and the lowest obtained with applying 0.01% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage. Mean comparison of the traits showed that the highest amount of plant height was obtained with applying 0.01% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage and the lowest obtained with applying 0.05% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage. Mean comparison of the traits showed that the highest amount of grain yield was obtained with applying 0.02% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage. However, with applying 0.01% nanoparticle Tio2 this stage there were not significant and the lowest obtained with applying 0.02% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at flowering stage. Mean comparison of the traits showed that the highest amount of biological yield was obtained with applying 0.02% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage and the lowest was obtained with applying 0.02% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at flowering stage. Mean comparison of the traits showed that the highest amount of harvest index was obtained with applying 0.05% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage and the lowest was obtained with applying 0.04% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage. Mean comparison of the traits showed that the highest amount of pod per plant was obtained with applying 0.01% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage and the lowest was obtained with applying 0.04% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at flowering stage. The result of mean comparison showed that the highest amount of number of grain per pod was related with applying 0.01% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage and the lowest was related with applying 0.04% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage. Mean comparison of the traits showed that the highest amount of 100 grain weight was obtained with applying 0.01% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at 60% steaming stage and the lowest was obtained with applying 0.04% nanoparticle Tio2 solution at flowering stage. As well as, the results showed the effect of spray of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and spraying time on chlorophyll a was significant (P ≤ 0.01). Mean comparison of the traits showed that the highest amount chlorophyll a were obtained with applying 0.05% nanoparticle Tio2, the highest amount chlorophyll a were obtained with applying 0.02% nanoparticle Tio2. The spray of nanoparticles titanium at 50% flowering and steaming stage (60%) was the highest and lowest impact on the amount of chlorophyll a.

Conclusion
According to the results of this study, it is concluded that spray with nanoparticles increased quantity and quality of lentil. But, the use of nanoparticles according to the aspect of environmental safety is very important.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flowering
  • grain yield
  • Steaming
  • TiO2
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