تأثیر آبیاری تکمیلی و تراکم‌های مختلف گیاهی بر برخی صفات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و میزان پروتئین دانه نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) در منطقه سیروان در استان ایلام

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه ایلام

2 دانشگاه پیام نور

3 ملاثانی اهواز

4 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان ایلام

چکیده

به‌منظور مطالعه اثر آبیاری تکمیلی و تراکم‌های مختلف گیاهی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود، رقم هاشم، در ایلام، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 90-1389 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی سیروان به‌صورت اسپیلت پلات در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در 25 آبان ماه اجرا شد. تیمار آبیاری در سه سطح شامل بدون آبیاری (دیم)، یک نوبت آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله گلدهی و یک نوبت آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله نیام‌بندی به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و تراکم‌های مختلف گیاهی در چهار سطح (20، 30، 40 و 50 بوته در مترمربع) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از آزمایش نشان داد تأثیر آبیاری تکمیلی بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد نیام در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، میزان پروتئین دانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولویک معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (1504 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در شرایط آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و کمترین عملکرد دانه (612 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار دیم به‌دست آمد. تراکم‌های مختلف گیاهی نیز بر کلیه صفات به‌جز میزان پروتئین دانه و شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب در تراکم 50 و 20 بوته در متر مربع به‌دست آمد، اگرچه بین تراکم 40 و 50 بوته در متر مربع اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری وجود نداشت. اثر برهمکنش آبیاری تکمیلی در تراکم گیاهی بر تعداد شاخه اصلی، تعداد نیام در بوته، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک معنی‌دار شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (2006 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله گلدهی و تراکم 50 بوته در متر مربع و کمترین عملکرد دانه (488 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار بدون آبیاری و تراکم 20 بوته در متر مربع حاصل شد. به‌طور کلی نتایج این آزمایش نشان‌دهنده آن است که آبیاری تکمیلی بدون در نظر گرفتن مرحله کاربرد آن نسبت به عدم آبیاری عملکرد دانه نخود دیم را افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of supplementary irrigation and different plant densities on morphological traits, yield and its components and protein content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Sirvan region in Ilam province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahim Naseri 1
  • Mohammad Javad Rahimi 2
  • Seyata Syadat 3
  • Amir Mirzaei 4
1 Ilam
2 Pyame Noor University, Tehran
3 Ramin, Ahvaz
4 Center of Agricultural Research and Natural Resources of Ilam, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effect of supplementary irrigation and different plant densities on grain yield and yield components of chickpea cv Hashem, an experiment was conducted as split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Sirvan, Ilam during 2008-2009 cropping season. Main plot included supplementary irrigation (check as non-irrigation, supplementary irrigation at flowering and podding stages) and subplot included plant density (20, 30, 40, 50 plant.m-2). The results showed that supplementary irrigation had significant effect on plant height, number of sub branch, number of pod per plant, 1000-grain weight, protein content, grain yield and biological yield. The highest grain yield (1504 kg.ha-1) was obtained from supplementary irrigation at flowering and the lowest grain yield (613 kg.ha-1) Observed from check treatment respectively. Plant density had significant effect on studied traits expect protein content and harvest index. The highest grain yield was obtained from 50 plant.m-2 and the lowest obtained from 20 plant.m-2 respectively; but there was not significant difference between 40 and 50 plant.m-2. Interaction effect of supplementary irrigation and plant density was significant on number of main branch, number of pod per plant, grain yield and biological yield. The highest grain yield (2006 kg.ha-1) was obtained from supplementary irrigation at flowering stage and 50 plant.m-2 and the lowest grain yield (488 kg.ha-1) observed from check treatment and 20 plant.m-2, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • grain yield
  • Plant density
  • Supplementary irrigation
1. Beeh, D.F., and Leach, G.Y. 1989. Effect of plant density and raw spacing on the yield of chickpea grown on the daily downs. J. Agric. 29(2): 241-246.
2. Dahiya, S., Singh, M., and Singh, R.B. 1993. Economic and water use efficiency of chickpea as effected by genotypes, irrigation and fertilizer application. Crop Reasearch. Hisar 6: 532-534.
3. Doss, B.D., and Thulow, D.L. 1974. Irrigation, row width and plant population in relation to growth characteristics of tow soybean cultivars, Agron, J. 66: 620-623.
4. Fallah, S., Ehsanzadeh, P., and Daneshvar, M. 2005. Grain yield and yield components in three chickpea genotypes under dryland conditions with and without supplementary irrigation at different plant densities in Khorram-Abad, Lorestan. Iranain. J. Agric. Sci. 36(3): 719-731. (In Persian with English Summary).
5. Gandjali, A., Malekzadeh, S., and Bagheri, A.R. 2000. Effect of plant population density and planting pattern on trend of groth indices of vhicpea (Cicer arientium L.) in Neishabour region. Agric. Sci. Tech. 14(2): 33-41. (In Persian with English Summary).
6. Gholdani, M., and Rezvani Moghadam, P. 2007. Effect of different regime of moisture and sowing date on phonological taits and growth indices of three rainfed and irrigated chickpea cultivars. J. Agric. Sci. Natur. Resour. 14(1): 229-242. (In Persian with English Summary).
7. Gupta, P.K., and Agrawal, G.G. 1977. Consumptive use of water by gram and limsed. India. Agric. Sci. 47: 22-26.
8. Jalilian, J., Modarres Sanavy, S.A.M., and Sabaghpour, S.H. 2005. Effect of plant density and supplementary irrigation on yield, yield components and protein content of four chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars under dry land condition. J. Agric. Sci. Natur. Resour. 12(5): 1-9. (In Persian with English Summary).
9. Kobota, T.J., Palta, A., and Turner, N.C. 1992. Rate of development of postanthesis water deficits and grain filling of spring wheat. Crop. Sci. 32: 1238-1242.
10. Lopez-Billido F.J., Lopez- Billido, R.J., Khalil, S.K., and Lopez-Billido, L. 2008. Effect of planting date on winter Kabuli Chickpea growth and yield under rainfed Mediterranean condition. Agron. J. 100: 957-967.
11. Majnoon Hosseini, N., Mohammadi, H., Poustini, K., and Zeinaly Kh. 2003. Effect of plant density on agronomic characteristics, chlorophyll content and stem remobilization percentage in chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.). Iranian, J. Agric. Sci. 34(4): 1011-1019. (In Persian with English Summary).
12. Malhorta, R.S., Singh, K.B., and Saxena, M.C. 1997. Effect of irrigation on winter-sown chickpea in a Mediterranean environment. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 178: 237-243.
13. Mazaheri, M., and Chghakhor, A. 2011. Effect of plant density and row spacing on some morphological characteristics, yield and protein content of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Agron. Sci. 6: 97-107. (In Persian with English Summary).
14. Mohamad Negad, Y., and Soltani, A. 2003. The proportion of main stem and branches on yield of chickpea at various planting dates and densities. The first Congress on Pulses. Research Center for Plant Science Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. 257-259. (In Persian).
15. Mohamadi, Gh. Ghasem Ghozeani, K., Javanshir, K., and Moghadam, M. 2006. Effect of water limitation on grain yield of three chickpea cultivar. J. Sci. Tech. Agric. Natur. Resource. 10(2): 109-119. (In Persian with English Summary).
16. Mousavi, S.K., Pezeshkpoor, P., Khorgami, A., and Noori, M.N. 2009. Effects of supplemental irrigation and crop density on yield, and yield components of Kabuli chickpea cultivars. J Agron. Res. 7(2): 657-672. (In Persian with English Summary).
17. Mousavi, S.K., Pezeshkpoor, P., Khorgami, A., and Noori, M.N. 2010. Effects of supplemental irrigation and crop density on yield, and yield components of Kabuli chickpea cultivars. Iranian J. Agron Res. 7 (2): 657-672. (In Persian with English Summary).
18. Naseri, R., Fasihi, Kh., Hatami, A., and Nad. Poursiahbidi M.M. 2010. Effect of planting pattern on yield, yield components, oil and protein contents in winter safflower cv. Sina under rainfed conditions. Iranian J. Crop Sci. 12(3): 227-238. (In Persian with English Summary).
19. Naseri, R., Siyadat, S.A., Soleymanifard, A., Soleymani, R., and Khosh Khabar, H. 2011. Effect of planting date and density on yield, yield components and protein content of three chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars under rainfed conditions in Ilam province. Iranian J of Pulses Res. 2(2): 7-18. (In Persian with English Summary).
20. Pezeshkpour, P., Daneshvar, M., and Ahmadi, A.R. 2005. Effect of plant density on Agronomic characteristics, SPAD reading as indicator and light influence bottom of the canopy in chickpea cultivers. The first Congress on Pulses. Research Center for Plant Science Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. 202-204. (In Persian).
21. Rezaeyan Zadeh, E., Parsa, M., Ganjali, A., and Nezami, A. 2011. Responses of yield and yield components of chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.) to supplementary irrigation in different phenology stages. Journal of Water and Soil 25: 1080-1095. (In Persian with English Summary).
22. Saxena, M.C. 1993. The challenge of developing biotic and abiotic stress resistance in cool season food legumes. In: Breeding for Stress toleramce in Cool-Season Food Legumes. (Eds. Singh, K.B., and M.C. Saxena) John wiley & sons, New York, NY. PP. 3-14.
23. Saxena, N.P., Tohansen, C., Saxena, M.C., and Silim, S.N. 1993. Selection for drought and salinity tolerance in cool-season food legumes. In and M. C. saxena (eds). Breeding for stress tolerance in cool-season food legumes. Johan Wiley and sons, chichestar, u.k.pp. 245-270.
24. Shbiri, S., Ghasem Ghozeani, K., Golchin, A., and Sabah, V. 2005. The effect f the rate of irrigation on morphology and grin yield of three chickpea cultivar. Agri. Sci. 16(2): 137-147. (In Persian with English Summary).
25. Siddigue, K.H.M., and Sedgley, R.H. 1985. The Effect of reduced branching on yield and water use of chickpea (Cicer areitinum. L) in the Mediterranean type of environment. Field.Crop Res. 12: 251-259.
26. Silim S.V., and Saxena, M.C. 1993. Adaptation of spring- sown the Mediterranean- earn basin. II. Factors in fluencing yield under drought. Field.Crop Res. 34: 137-146.
27. Singh, K.B., and Saxena, M.C. 1990. Studies on drought tolerance annual report. ICARDA. Aleppo, Syria. Accomplishments and future challenges in dry land soil fertility research in the Mediterranean area, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria.
28. Talei, A., and Sayadian, K. 2000. Effect of supplementary irrigation and nutrition requirement of chichpea in dryland conditions Iranian J. Crop Sci. 2(3): 63-72. (In Persian with English Summary).
29. Tomar, R.K.S., Sharma, P. Yadav, L.N., and Sharma, P. 1999. Comparison of yield and economics of irrigated chickpea under improved and local management practices. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter. 6: 22-23.
30. Yadav, D.S., and Singh V.K. 1989. Effect of sowing dates and plant densities on the performance of kabali chiclpea genotypes. J. pulses Res. 2: 192-194.
31. Zaferanieh, M., Nezami, A., Parsa, M., Porsa, H., and Bagheri A. 2010. Evaluation of fall sowing of cold tolerant chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasms under complementary irrigation in Mashhad condition: 2- Yield and yield components. Iranian J. Field Crop Res. 7(2): 483-492. (In Persian with English Summary).
CAPTCHA Image