ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت بر کارآیی مصرف نور و عملکرد ارقام نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) تحت شرایط اقلیمی منطقه کرمانشاه
به منظور بررسی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت بر کارآیی جذب و مصرف نور ارقام نخود آزمایشی به صورت کرتهای خُردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 96-1395 در شرایط آب و هوایی کرمانشاه اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه تاریخ کاشت (10 اسفند، 20 اسفند و 17 فروردین) به عنوان عامل اصلی و چهار رقم نخود (بیونیج، عادل، آرمان و ILC482) به عنوان عامل فرعی بود. نتایج نشان داد تأخیر در کاشت باعث کاهش عملکرد دانه (45 درصد) و عملکرد ماده خشک کل (5/33 درصد) شد. رقم بیونیج نسبت به سایر ارقام از عملکرد بیشتری (35درصد) برخوردار بود. بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ (8/3) مربوط به رقم آرمان در تاریخ کاشت 10 اسفند و کمترین آن (9/1) مربوط به رقم ILC482 در تاریخ کاشت 17 فروردین بود. روند جذب نور تابع شاخص سطح برگ بود و با تأخیر در کاشت حدود 6/1 درصد کاهش یافت. کارآیی مصرف نور از 6/1 برای رقم عادل در تاریخ 10 اسفند تا 7/0 گرم بر مگاژول برای رقم آرمان در تاریخ 17 فروردین متغیر بود. تأخیر در کاشت کارآیی مصرف نور را حدود 22 درصد کاهش داد، اگرچه این کاهش در ارقام مختلف متفاوت بود. به طورکلی نتایج نشان داد تأخیر در تاریخ کاشت، منجر به کاهش کارآیی مصرف نور و عملکرد دانه گردید. با این وجود در کشت دیرهنگام انتخاب ارقام مناسب توانست تا حدودی افت عملکرد ناشی از برخورد گیاه با شرایط محیطی نامناسب، به ویژه خشکی انتهای دوره رشد را کاهش دهد.
https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_34729_d1fc9138a67d59ade883285d7d7c1eb9.pdf
2021-05-22
12
25
10.22067/ijpr.v12i1.79618
جذب نور
شاخص سطح برگ
کارآیی مصرف نور
عملکرد دانه
هانیه
حاجی شعبانی
hajishabani12@yahoo.com
1
دانشگاه رازی
AUTHOR
فرزاد
مندنی
f.mondani@razi.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه رازی
LEAD_AUTHOR
علیرضا
باقری
a.bagheri@razi.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه رازی
AUTHOR
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32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) در پاسخ به مالچ ضایعات چای و کنترل علفهایهرز
این پژوهش بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر مالچ ضایعات چای و کنترل علفهایهرز بر خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی لوبیا، بهصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس در سال زراعی 96-1395 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل پنج زمان کنترل علفهرز از طریق وجین دستی شامل شاهد (بدون کنترل علفهرز) و کنترل علفهرز هر یک، دو، چهار و شش هفته یکبار پس از سبزشدن لوبیا و سه مقدار مالچ ضایعات چای شامل صفر، پنج و 10 تن در هکتار در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر کنترل علفهرز و مالچ ضایعات چای بر کلیه صفات اندازهگیریشده معنیدار بود. همچنین، برهمکنش دوگانه این تیمارها از نظر صفات کربوهیدرات محلول، نشاسته، تعداد غلاف در بوته لوبیا و وزن خشک علفهرز معنیدار بود. با کاربرد پنج و 10 تن مالچ ضایعات چای در هکتار، بهترتیب 59/35 و 90/55 درصد از وزن خشک علفهرز کاسته شد. با کنترل علفهرز هر هفته یکبار پس از سبزشدن لوبیا و کاربرد پنج و 10 تن مالچ ضایعات چای در هکتار، بهترتیب 48/45 و 12/74 درصد از وزن خشک علفهرز کاسته شد. بهطور کلی، با توجه به کاهش وزن خشک علفهایهرز و نشاسته و افزایش کربوهیدرات محلول در شرایط کنترل علفهرز هر دو هفته یکبار پس از سبزشدن لوبیا و 10 تن در هکتار مالچ ضایعات چای، استفاده از 10 تن مالچ ضایعات چای همراه با کنترل علفهرز هر دو هفته یکبار پس از سبزشدن در مزارع لوبیا توصیه میگردد.
https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_34743_852ca570f0337edfe72de7213e45f7e1.pdf
2021-05-22
26
40
10.22067/ijpr.v12i1.80185
توده بومی
خاکپوش
دگرآسیبی
عملکرد دانه
وجین
مجید
قنبری
majid.ghanbari@modares.ac.ir
1
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
AUTHOR
علی
مختصی بیدگلی
mokhtassi@modares.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
LEAD_AUTHOR
پرنیان
طالبی سیه سران
parniyan.talebi@modares.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
AUTHOR
سید رامین
حسینی
seyedramin1374@gmail.com
4
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
واکنش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام نخود دیم (Cicer arietinum L.) به تراکم بوته و حضور علفهایهرز
به منظور بررسی واکنش زیستتوده کل علفهایهرز، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد چهار رقم نخود دیم به تراکم کاشت و تداخل علفهایهرز در شرایط دیم شهرستان کرمانشاه، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 94-1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه انجام گرفت. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل سه تراکم کاشت (3/31، 5/38 و 50 بوته در مترمربع) و چهار رقم نخود آزاد، آرمان، هاشم و عادل در دو سطح وجین و عدم وجین علفهایهرز بود. بهطور کلی، با افزایش تراکم کاشت همه ارقام نخود، از میزان عملکرد اقتصادی کاسته شد. در تراکمهای کاشت 5/38 و 50 بوته در مترمربع، رقم آزاد به ترتیب 9/8 و 6/42 درصد، رقم آرمان به ترتیب 5/30 و 2/37 درصد، رقم هاشم به ترتیب 7/23 و 2/40 درصد و رقم عادل به ترتیب 9/32 و 3/36 درصد نسبت به تراکم کاشت 3/31 بوته در مترمربع کاهش در عملکرد اقتصادی از خود نشان دادند. رقم آزاد در تیمار وجین علفهایهرز با میانگین تولید 4/146 گرم در مترمربع، بیشترین و رقم آرمان در تیمار عدم وجین علفهایهرز با میانگین تولید 2/45 گرم در مترمربع، کمترین عملکرد اقتصادی را تولید کردند. عدم وجین علفهایهرز به ترتیب باعث کاهش 1/59، 9/51، 2/61 و 3/46 درصدی عملکرد اقتصادی در ارقام آزاد، آرمان، هاشم و عادل شد. در مرحله اول نمونهبرداری از علفهایهرز، بیشترین (7/25 گرم در مترمربع) و کمترین (7/17 گرم در مترمربع) زیستتوده کل علفهایهرز به ترتیب در تراکم کاشت 3/31 و 5/38 بوته در مترمربع مشاهده شد. درمرحله دوم نمونهبرداری از علفهایهرز، بیشترین (0/60 گرم در مترمربع) و کمترین (8/42 گرم در مترمربع) زیستتوده کل علفهایهرز به ترتیب در تراکم کاشت 3/31 و 50 بوته در مترمربع مشاهده شد. در مرحله دوم نمونهبرداری از علفهایهرز، بیشترین (7/54 گرم در مترمربع) و کمترین (8/40 گرم در مترمربع) زیستتوده کل علفهایهرز به ترتیب در ارقام نخود هاشم و عادل مشاهده شد. در مجموع نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که ارقام آزاد و هاشم با تراکم بوته کم (3/31 بوته در مترمربع) و با کنترل کامل علفهایهرز برای کاشت به صورت دیم در منطقه مورد بررسی توصیه میشوند و راهبرد کاهش خسارت علفهایهرز از طریق افزایش تراکم بوته، کارایی مناسبی ندارد.
https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_34757_672b18ce29757663dc94e7d52dcbbabd.pdf
2021-05-22
41
57
10.22067/ijpr.v12i1.74983
دگرآسیبی
رقابت
سیستم دیم کاری
ارسلان
فلاحی
arsalan.falahi@gmail.com
1
دانشگاه بوعلی سینا
AUTHOR
گودرز
احمدوند
gahmadvand@basu.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه بوعلی سینا
LEAD_AUTHOR
فرزاد
مندنی
farzad_mondani@yahoo.com
3
دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه
AUTHOR
اکبر
علی وردی
a.aliverdi@basu.ac.ir
4
دانشگاه بوعلی سینا
AUTHOR
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30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی اثر محلولپاشی سایکوسل بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود بهاره (Cicer arietinum L.) در شرایط دیم
کاربرد تنظیمکنندههای رشد از روشهای مهم در کاهش آثار سوء تنش خشکی و بهدستآوردن محصول مناسب در شرایط کمبود آب میباشد. بهمنظور مطالعه عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نخود در واکنش به سطوح مختلف سایکوسل در شرایط دیم، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات دیم سرارود کرمانشاه در طول فصل زراعی 1397 اجرا شد. تیمارهای مورد مطالعه شامل غلظتهای سایکوسل در سه سطح صفر (آب به عنوان شاهد)، 200 و 400 میلیگرم در لیتر به عنوان عامل اصلی و دو رقم نخود (بیونیج و ثمین) به عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات ساده رقم و سایکوسل بر همه صفات مورد مطالعه و اثر متقابل آنها بر صفات تعداد شاخه جانبی، وزن غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن1000دانه، عملکرد زیستتوده، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت معنیدار بود. تیمار 400 میلیگرم در لیتر سایکوسل موجب افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نسبت به دیگر تیمارها شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در دو رقم ثمین و بیونیج با محلولپاشی با سایکوسل 400میلیگرم در لیتر به ترتیب به میزان 82/1 درصد و 31/1درصد بهدست آمد. از نظر صفات مورد مطالعه، رقم بیونیج نسبت به رقم ثمین عملکرد بیشتری داشت. به نظر میرسد محلولپاشی 400 میلیگرم در لیتر سایکوسل میتواند برای بهبود عملکرد نخود در شرایط دیم توصیه شود.
https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_34771_b913a67240c3b53dde2d6d7a74ee81a2.pdf
2021-05-22
58
67
10.22067/ijpr.v12i1.80708
بیونیج
سایکوسل
شاخص برداشت
عملکرد بیولوژیک
عملکرد دانه
داریوش
صفری
dariush.s1987@gmail.com
1
دانشگاه خلیج فارس بوشهر
AUTHOR
میترا
آزادی خواه
mitra.azadi66@gmail.com
2
دانشگاه خلیج فارس بوشهر
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی پاسخ ارقام لوبیاقرمز با دو عادت رشدی مختلف به رقابت با علفهایهرز
عملکرد گیاه لوبیا به دلیل رشد کم در ابتدای فصل رشد، تحت تأثیر رقابت علفهایهرز به شدت کاهش مییابد. با توجه به پژوهشهای محدود در زمینه تأثیر رقابت علفهایهرز بر صفات فیزیولوژیک لوبیا، آزمایشی برای بررسی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک سه رقم لوبیاقرمز با دو عادت رشدی نیمهرونده و ایستاده در رقابت با علفهایهرز در مزرعه آزمایشی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام در بهار و تابستان 1396 انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با دو عامل، رقم در سه سطح (صیاد، درخشان و لاین D81083) و رقابت علفهایهرز در دو سطح (عاری از علفهایهرز و تداخل تمام فصل علفهایهرز) و با سه تکرار اجرا شد. صفتهای ارتفاع بوته، زیستتوده، میزان کلروفیل a، b، میزان کلروفیل کل، آنتوسیانین و کاروتنوئید در سه مرحله V4 (سومین برگ سهبرگچهای)، R6 (گلدهی) و R7 (غلافدهی) و صفتهای عملکرد دانه، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف و وزن100دانه در مرحله رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که در بین سه رقم مورد مطالعه لاین D81083 با رشد ایستاده قدرت رقابتی بالاتری با علفهایهرز دارد و بیشترین میزان ارتفاع بوته، زیستتوده، تعداد غلاف در بوته، وزن100دانه و عملکرد دانه را داشت. تداخل علفهایهرز باعث کاهش تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن100دانه، تعداد غلاف در بوته و عملکرد دانه به ترتیب به میزان ، 18/30، 71/22، 42/27 و 24/42 درصد شد. از طرف دیگر، صفتهای فیزیولوژیک مانند آنتوسیانین، کاروتنوئید در مرحله V4 تحت تأثیر رقم و رقابت علفهایهرز قرار نگرفتند، اما در مرحلهR7، اثر اصلی رقم و رقابت علفهایهرز و در مرحلهR6 اثر اصلی رقابت علفهایهرز بر صفتهای آنتوسیانین و کاروتنوئید معنیدار بود. شاخص رقابت در بین سه رقم مورد مطالعه در سطح 5درصد معنیدار بود و لاین D81083 با مقدار 81/1 بیشترین شاخص را داشت. بهطور کلی میتوان نتیجه گرفت که کشت لاین D81083 با قدرت رقابتی بالاتر و داشتن خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی بهتر نسبت به سایر ارقام در مقابل علفهایهرز، به عنوان یک راهکار غیرشیمیایی برای مدیریت علفهایهرز در مزارع لوبیا قابل توصیه میباشد.
https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_34786_f6b016f1fc261a47fcb65d280a3f4272.pdf
2021-05-22
68
87
10.22067/ijpr.v12i1.81211
رنگیزههای فتوسنتزی
سایهاندازی
صفات رشدی
مدیریت غیرشیمیایی علفهایهرز
سیده زهرا
طباطبایی پور
z.tabatabaiepoor@ilam.ac.ir
1
دانشگاه ایلام
AUTHOR
زهرا
طهماسبی
z.tahmasebi@ilam.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه ایلام، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
LEAD_AUTHOR
علیرضا
تاب
a.taab@ilam.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه ایلام
AUTHOR
سجاد
رشیدی منفرد
rashidims@modares.ac.ir
4
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تأثیر بذرمال و محلولپاشی اسیدهای آمینه مختلف روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد عدس (Lens culinaris Medik.) در کشت دیرهنگام
به منظور مطالعه اثر بذرمال و محلولپاشی اسیدهای آمینه مختلف بر روی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد عدس، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1397 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. عوامل مورد بررسی شامل نحوه کاربرد آمینواسیدها در سه سطح بذرمال، محلولپاشی و بذرمال+محلولپاشی به عنوان عامل اول و کاربرد انواع آمینواسیدها در پنج سطح آرژنین، آسپارتیک اسید، پرولین، اسیدآمینه تجاری و آب مقطر (شاهد) به عنوان عامل دوم در نظر گرفته شد. مقدار مصرف اسیدهای آمینه یک گرم در لیتر بود. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین کلروفیل کل، کلروفیل a و کلروفیل b از بذرمال با آسپارتیک اسید به ترتیب با 18/16، 92/ 13 و 53/2 میلیگرم در گرم وزن تر برگ به دست آمد. بذرمال و محلولپاشی با اسید آسپارتیک با 11/13 غلاف در بوته بیشتر از سایر تیمارها بود. کاربرد اسیدآمینه آسپارتیک اسید با 88/71 گرم در متر مربع بیشترین عملکرد را تولید کرد که بیش از سه برابر عملکرد حاصل از استفاده از آب مقطر (شاهد) بود. کاربرد آرژنین (51/ 55 گرم در متر مربع)، اسیدآمینه تجاری (45/44 گرم در متر مربع) و پرولین (78/32 گرم در متر مربع) به ترتیب در رتبههای بعدی قرار گرفت. کاربرد آسپارتیک اسید به صورت پرایمینگ و محلولپاشی با بیشترین عملکرد به عنوان تیمار برتر معرفی میشود.
https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_34800_eccd34ab0bac5c60c7a000837abd701f.pdf
2021-05-22
88
99
10.22067/ijpr.v12i1.83900
آرژنین
آسپارتیک اسید
پرولین
شاخص برداشت
عملکرد بذر
کلروفیل
علی
حیدرزاده
ali.heidarzadeh@modares.ac.ir
1
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
AUTHOR
سید علی محمد
مدرس ثانوی
modaresa@modares.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
LEAD_AUTHOR
حسین
ابراهیمی اسبورزی
hossein_ebrahimi@modaresa.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
AUTHOR
Agricultural Statistics, Crops. Volume 1: 1395-1396. (In Farsi).
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Nasibi, F., and Kalantari, K.H. 2009. Influence of nitric oxide in protection of tomato seedling against oxidative stress induced by osmotic stress. Acta Physiologia Plantarum 1: 1037-
26
Nasibi, F., Barand, A., and Kalantari, K.H. 2013. The effect of arginine pretreatment on germination, growth and physiological parameters in the increase of low temperature tolerance in Pistacia vera in vitro culture. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 51: 918-
27
Parsa, M., and A. Bagheri. 2008. Legumes. Mashhad University Jahad Press. 522p. (In Persian).
28
Raeisi, M., Farahani, L., and Palashi, M. 2014. Changes of qualitative and quantitative properties of radish (Raphanus sativus) under foliar spraying through amino acid. International Journal of Biosciences 4(1): 463-468.
29
Sairam, R.K., Srivastava, G.C., Agarwal, S.A., and Meena, R.C. 2005. Difference in antioxidant activity in response to salinity stress in tolerant and susceptible wheat genotypes. Plant Biology 49: 85-91.
30
Shalaby, T.A., and El-Ramady. 2014. Effect of foliar application of bio-stimulants on growth, yield, components, and storability of garlic (Allium sativum). Australian Journal of Crop Science 8(2): 271-275.
31
Slawik, M. 2005. Production of Norway spruce seedlings on substrate mixes using growth stimulants. Journal of Forest Science 51(1): 15-23.
32
Talat, A., Nawaz, K., Hussian, K., and Hayat Bhatti, K. 2013. Foliar application of proline for salt tolerance of two wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars. World Applied Sciences Journal 22(4): 547-554.
33
Thomas, J., Mandal, A., and Raj Kumar, R. 2009. Role of biologically active amino acid formulations on quality and crop productivity of tea (Camellia sp.). International Journal of Agricultural Research 4: 228-236.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد و توان رقابتی برخی ارقام نخود در تداخل با علفهایهرز
به منظور بررسی اثر تداخل علفهایهرز بر اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد و توان رقابتی برخی ارقام نخود، آزمایشی در دو سال زراعی 1392 و 1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل وجین و عدم وجین علفهایهرز و پنج رقم نخود (ترک، هاشم، آرمان، آزاد و محلی) بودند. تجزیه واریانس دادهها نشان داد که اثر کنترل علفهایهرز بر همه صفات به جز شاخص برداشت معنیدار بود. همچنین، اثر رقم بر کلیه صفات به جز شاخص برداشت معنیدار شد. اثر متقابل کنترل علفهرز در رقم نیز فقط بر عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک معنیدار شد. بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه (00/136 گرم در متر مربع) از رقم هاشم در شرایط وجین علفهرز بهدست آمد. کمترین میزان این ویژگی با حدود 75 درصد کاهش به رقم محلی در شرایط عدم وجین تعلق گرفت. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک (75/394 گرم در متر مربع) به رقم هاشم در شرایط وجین علفهرز تعلق داشت و کمترین آن با حدود 70 درصد کاهش از رقم محلی در شرایط عدم وجین علفهرز بهدست آمد. بیشترین و کمترین بیوماس و تراکم علفهرز نیز بهترتیب به رقم هاشم و محلی اختصاص داشت. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین شاخص توانایی تحمل رقابت (30/52) متعلق به رقم هاشم و پایینترین میزان این شاخص (12/39) متعلق به رقم محلی بود. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش میتوان رقم هاشم را به عنوان رقمی مقاوم در برابر علفهایهرز دانست، ولی در مقابل رقم محلی دارای کمترین توانایی در برابر هجوم علفهایهرز بود.
https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_34815_3f1422d3418a58d2706e92fa65baa1bf.pdf
2021-05-22
100
110
10.22067/ijpr.v12i1.84964
توانایی تحمل رقابت
حبوبات
علفهرز
عملکرد
وجین
سید محسن
سیدی
mohsensayyedi@yahoo.com
1
مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مرکزی
LEAD_AUTHOR
جواد
حمزه ئی
j.hamzei@basu.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان
AUTHOR
Aghaalikhani, M., Yadavi, A., and Modares Sanavi, S.M.A. 2006. Determination of critical period of weed control in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris ) in Lordegan. Journal of Agricultural Science 28: 118-124. (In Persian with English Summary).
1
Ahmad Khan, L., Gul, H., and Azim Khan, M. 2003. Effect of post-emergence herbicide for controlling weeds in canola. Asian Journal Plant Science 3: 294-296.
2
Baghestani, M.A., Lemieux, C., and Leroux, G. 2005a. Early root and shoot competition between spring cereal cultivars and wild mustard (Brassica kaber). Iranian Journal of Weed Science 1(1): 19-40. (In Persian with English Summary).
3
Baghestani, M.A., and Zand, E. 2004. Investigated morphophysiological characteristics of the affecting the competitive power of wheat with weed pterygium (Goldbachia iaevigata L) and wild oat (Avena fatua) In Karaj Region. Journal of Plant Pests and Diseases 72(1): 91-111. (In Persian with English Summary).
4
Crotser, P.M., and Wit, W.W. 2000. Effect of Glycine max, canopy characteristics interference and weed free period on Solanum ptycuntum growth. Weed Science 48: 20-26.
5
Deihimfard, R., Hejazi, A., Zand, E., Baghestani, M.A., Akbari, G.A., and Soufizadeh, S. 2007. Evaluation of some characteristics affecting competitiveness of eight Iranian wheat cultivars with rocket weed. Weed Science 1: 59-78.
6
Farbodnia, A., Baghestani, M.A., Zand, E., and Nor Mohammadi, G. 2009. Evaluation of competitive ability of wheat cultivars against weeds Daphnia. Journal of Plant Protection 2(23): 47-81. (In Persian with English Summary).
7
Ghamari, H., and Ahmadvand, G. 2012. Weed interference affects dry bean yield and growth. Natural Science Biological 4: 10-15.
8
Hamzei, J., Mohammady Nasab, A.D., Khoie, F.R. Javanshir, A., and Moghaddam, M. 2007. Critical period of weed control in three winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus ) cultivars. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Forestry 31: 83-90.
9
Hamzei, J., Seyedi, M., Ahmadvand, G., and Abutalebian, M.A. 2012. Effect of additive intercropping on suppressed weeds, yield and yield components of chickpea and barley. Journal of Crop production and Processing 3: 43-55. (In Persian with English Summary).
10
Hussain, A., Nadeem, A., Ashraf, I., and Awan, M. 2009. Effect of weed competition periods on the growth and yield of black seed (Nigella sativa ). Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research 15(1): 71-81.
11
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12
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13
Lance, R.G., and Liebman, M. 2003. A laboratory exercise for teaching critical period for weed control concepts. Weed Technology 17: 403-411.
14
Majnoun Hosseini, N. 2008. Agronomy and Production of L Jahad Daneshgahi Press. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
15
Malek Maleki, F., Majnoun Hosseini, N., and Alizade, H. 2013. A survey on the effects of weed control treatments and plant density on lentil growth and yield. Electronic Journal of Crop Production 6 (2): 135-148. (In Persian with English Summary).
16
Martin, S.F., Van Acker, R.C., and Friesen, L.F. 2001. Critical period of weed control in spring canola. Weed Science 49: 326-333.
17
Mazaheri, , Movahedi Dehnavi, M., Seyed Hadi, M.R., and Darzi, M.T. 2006. Plant Ecology. Publications by Tehran University. Iran. (In Persian).
18
Mohammadi, G., Javanshir, A., Khooie, F.R., Mohammadi, S.A., and Zehtab Salmasi, S. 2005. Critical period of weed interference in chickpea. Weed Research 45:57-63. (In Persian with English Summary).
19
Parsa, M., and Bagheri, A. 2013. Pulses. Publications by Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian).
20
Pour Azar, R., and Ghadiri, H. 2000. Wild Oats competition with three varieties of wheat in greenhouse situation, effects of plant density. Journal of Crop Science 3(2): 59-72.
21
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22
Rohrig, M., and Stutzel, H. 2001. Canopy development of Chenopodium album in pure and mixed stands. Weed Research 41: 111-228.
23
Sadeghi, H. 2001. Identifying traits affecting the competitiveness of soybean (Glycin max L) with weed for use in breeding programs. MSc. Thesis, Higher Education Complex Aboureyhan. University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary).
24
Santos, B.M., Dusky, J.A., Stall, W.M., and Gilreath, J.P. 2004. Influence of common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album ) densities and phosphorus fertilization on sugarbeet. Crop Protection 23: 173-176.
25
Shafagh-Kolvanagh, J., Zehtab Salmasi, S., Javanshir, A., Moghaddam, M., and Dabbagh Mohammadinasab, A. 2009. Influence of nitrogen and weed interference on grain yield, yield components and leaf chlorophyll value of Soybean. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 1: 1-23. (In Persian with English Summary).
26
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27
Watson, P.R., Derksen, D.A., Van Acker, R.C., and Blrvine. M.C. 2002. The contribution of seed, seedling, and mature plant traits to barley cultivar competitiveness against weeds. Proceedings of the 2002 National Meeting-Canadian Weed Science Society Pp: 49-57.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
اثر همزیستی میکوریزایی و سودوموناس بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی ماش (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) تحت شرایط تنش رطوبتی
آزمایشی بهصورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال زراعی94-1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی- آموزشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میانه اجرا شد. تیمارهای تنش رطوبتی در سه مرحله شامل: آبیاری معمولی، قطع آبیاری موقع گلدهی و قطع آبیاری موقع غلافبندی و تیمارهای تلقیح شامل: بدون تلقیح، تلقیح با گلوموس موسه، تلقیح با سودوموناس فلورسنت سویه 169و تلقیح توأم گلوموس موسه+سودموناس فلورسنت سویه 169 بود. بر اساس تجزیه واریانس داده ها، اثر تیمارهای تنش رطوبتی براساس اکثر صفات رشدی معنیداری بود و از لحاظ نوع تلقیح به غیر از صفات تعداد برگ در بوته و قطر ساقه، از لحاظ سایر صفات اختلاف معنیداری مشاهده شد. تنش رطوبتی در مرحله گلدهی بیشترین کاهش در محتوی نسبی آب برگ را منجر گردید. تلقیح گلوموس موسه به ترتیب منجر به افزایش 3/44 و 4/8 درصدی وزن خشک برگ و وزن خشک گیاه نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. مرحله تشکیل غلاف حساسترین مرحله رشدی گیاه براساس نیاز به آبیاری تعیین گردید. تلقیح توأم سودوموناس فلورسنت سویه 169 و گلوموس موسه بهطور همافزایی موجب بالاترین وزن خشک ساقه+غلاف، درصد کلونیزاسیون ریشه و درصد نیتروژن دانه شد. بیشترین میزان پروتئین دانه با 5/16 درصد در تیمار قطع آبیاری در مرحله پرشدن غلاف و در تیمار تلقیح توأم گلوموس موسه و سودوموناس فلورسنت سویه 169 مشاهده شد. تلقیح سودوموناس فلورسنت سویه 169 بالاترین پاسخ رشد میکوریزایی را در تیمار قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی نشان داد.
https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_34832_46ac1f1885643d3a2943cfca1000eb1a.pdf
2021-05-22
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126
10.22067/ijpr.v12i1.84409
تلقیح
تنش خشکی
سودوموناس فلورسنت سویه 169
کلونیزاسیون
گلوموس موسه
ماش
محمد
صالحی
mohsale@gmail.com
1
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میانه
AUTHOR
علی
فرامرزی
aliifaramarzii52@gmail.com
2
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میانه
LEAD_AUTHOR
منوچهر
فربودی
farboodi@gmail.com
3
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میانه
AUTHOR
ناصر
محبعلی پور
n.mohebalipour@gmail.com
4
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میانه
AUTHOR
جلیل
اجلی
jalil.ajali@yahoo.com
5
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میانه
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیاسبز و فلفل دلمهای تحت نظامهای کشت مخلوط جایگزینی و افزایشی
بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر آرایشهای کشت مخلوط جایگزینی و افزایشی لوبیاسبز با فلفل دلمهای بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد این دو گونه، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1395-1394 در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با شش تیمار و سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل آرایشهای جایگزینی 25 درصد لوبیاسبز+75 درصد فلفل دلمهای و 50 درصد لوبیاسبز+50 درصد فلفل دلمهای، آرایشهای افزایشی 20 درصد لوبیاسبز+100 درصد فلفل دلمهای و 40 درصد لوبیاسبز+100 درصد فلفل دلمهای و کشت خالص هر دو گونه بود. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین عملکرد نیام سبز و وزن خشک بوته لوبیاسبز برای کشت خالص بهترتیب معادل 7/57921 و 03/1051 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین مقادیر در آرایش کشت مخلوط افزایشی 20 درصد لوبیاسبز+100درصد فلفل دلمهای بهترتیب معادل 5/11252 و 8/525 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. همچنین، بالاترین عملکرد میوه فلفل دلمهای در کشت خالص و بالاترین وزن خشک بوته فلفل دلمهای برای آرایش کشت مخلوط جایگزینی 75درصد فلفل دلمهای+25 درصد لوبیاسبز بهترتیب معادل 7/32766 و 6/7816 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین عملکرد میوه فلفل دلمهای در آرایشهای کشت مخلوط جایگزینی 50 درصد فلفل دلمهای+50 درصد لوبیاسبز و افزایشی 100درصد فلفل دلمهای+20 درصد لوبیاسبز بهترتیب با 3/21183 و 21886 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین وزن خشک بوته فلفل دلمهای برای آرایش کشت مخلوط جایگزینی 50 درصد فلفل دلمهای+50 درصد لوبیاسبز با 3/3533 کیلوگرم در هکتار مشاهده گردید. در نهایت بیشترین مقدار نسبت برابری زمین کلی (بهترتیب 28/1 و 25/1) از آرایشهای کشت مخلوط افزایشی 40 درصد لوبیاسبز+100 درصد فلفل دلمهای و جایگزینی 50 درصد لوبیاسبز+50 درصد فلفل دلمهای بهدست آمد. بدین منظور میتوان از گیاهان خانواده بقولات در جهت افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک و عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی بهخصوص سبزیجات و صیفیجات بهره برد.
https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_34843_286983b0c6d54c8f696ea602650e2b54.pdf
2021-05-22
127
143
10.22067/ijpr.v12i1.81231
تثبیت زیستی نیتروژن
عملکرد میوه
عملکرد نیام سبز
نسبت برابری زمین
وزن خشک بوته
علیرضا
کوچکی
akooch@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir
1
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
LEAD_AUTHOR
مهدی
نصیری محلاتی
mnassiri@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
محمد حسن
هاتفی فرجیان
mh-hatefifarajian@mail.um.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
اثر کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی و روشهای کنترل علفهرز بر زیستتوده و عملکرد دانه عدس (Lens culinaris Medik.)
به منظور بررسی اثر کاربرد کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی و روشهای کنترل علفهایهرز در عدس، آزمایشی بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 98-1397 با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش در فاکتور اول شامل کودهای زیستی پتاپاور، فسفرپاور، مایکورایزا، مخلوط همه کودهای زیستی و کود شیمیایی و در فاکتور دوم سه تیمار کنترل علفهرز شامل کاربرد علفکش پندیمتالین بهصورت پیشرویشی، کاربرد علفکش پایریدیت بهصورت پسرویشی و در مرحله سه تا چهاربرگی و دوبار وجین در طول فصل رشد بود. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد پسرویشی پایریدیت اگرچه علفهایهرز را به خوبی کنترل کرد، اما منجر به کلروز و نکروز در عدس شد. پندیمتالین منجر به حصول بیشترین عملکرد زیستتوده و دانه در عدس شد. در بین کودها، کود شیمیایی منجر به افزایش تراکم و زیستتوده علفهایهرز و همچنین بیشترین عملکرد عدس شد. در بین کودهای زیستی، کود پتاپاور بیشترین عملکرد عدس را باعث شد و مخلوط کودهای زیستی منجر به کاهش عملکرد و زیستتوده عدس نسبت به سایر کودها شد. با توجه به اثرات متقابل روشهای کنترل و کودهای مصرفشده در این آزمایش بهترین نتیجه عملکرد زیستتوده (800 گرم در متر مربع) و دانه (164 گرم در متر مربع) عدس را کاربرد کود زیستی پتاپاور به همراه پندیمتالین بهصورت پیشرویشی به همراه داشت.
https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_34855_c9555f6edfde5b85c41485d1f4b9ca53.pdf
2021-05-22
144
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10.22067/ijpr.v12i1.84970
پایریدیت
پتاپاور
پندیمتالین
لگوم
مایکورایزا
ابراهیم
ایزدی دربندی
e-izadi@um.ac.ir
1
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
LEAD_AUTHOR
آرش
مقصودی
arashwenger@yahoo.com
2
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تأثیر فواصل مختلف آبیاری بر برخی خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیک اکوتیپهای مختلف گوار (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba)
آزمایشی به صورت کرتهای خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی، در سالهای 97-1396 در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شهرستان ایرانشهر اجرا شد. در این آزمایش سه سطح آبیاری با فواصل 5، 7 و 9روزه بهعنوان فاکتور اصلی و اکوتیپهای مختلف گوار (سرباز، سراوان، ایرانشهر،RGC1033، هندی،گرمبیت) بهعنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. کاشت بذر گوار در اسفندماه انجام شد و پس از استقرار گیاه در مرحله پنجبرگی آبیاری با دورهای مختلف آغاز و تا مرحله برداشت بذرها ادامه یافت. با افزایش فاصله آبیاری ارتفاع گیاه اکوتیپ سرباز و سراوان به طور معنیداری کاهش یافت، اما تأثیری بر سایر اکوتیپها نداشت. طول ریشه اکوتیپ هندی با افزایش فاصله آبیاری به طور معنیداری کاهش یافت، درحالیکه در اکوتیپ اصلاحشده RGC1033 و اکوتیپهای ایرانشهر و سرباز با افزایش فواصل آبیاری طول ریشه افزایش یافت. افزایش دور آبیاری باعث کاهش معنیدار حداکثر کارآیی کوانتومی فتوسیستم II (Fv/Fm) در اکوتیپهای سرباز، گرمبیت و ایرانشهر شد. با افزایش دور آبیاری شاخص برداشت کاهش یافت، به طوریکه بیشترین میانگین شاخص برداشت در دور آبیاری پنج روز بهدست آمد. بیشترین میانگین عملکرد بیولوژیک در دور آبیاری هفت روز و اکوتیپ سراوان مشاهده شد. با توجه به صفات مختلف بررسیشده، اکوتیپ اصلاحی RGC1033 و اکوتیپ سراوان در بیشتر صفات مورد بررسی دارای بیشترین میانگین بودند. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده دور آبیاری هفت روز مناسبترین دور آبیاری جهت کشت گوار در مناطق جنوبی کشور پیشنهاد میشود.
https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_40782_341ad03a3a0c38ce30f23016f01403ea.pdf
2021-05-22
156
170
10.22067/ijpr.v12i1.83229
خصوصیات رویشی
فواصل آبیاری
گوار
منیره
دادگر
monireh.dadgar.2017@gmail.com
1
دانشگاه هرمزگان
AUTHOR
سمیه
رستگار
rastegarhort@gmail.com
2
دانشگاه هرمزگان
LEAD_AUTHOR
حسین
پیری
hsalar1970@gmail.com
3
دانشگاه ولایت ایرانشهر
AUTHOR
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38
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39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی روابط بین برخی صفات زراعی مرتبط با عملکرد نخود زراعی (Cicer arietinum) تحت تنش بیماری برقزدگی
بیماری برقزدگی نخود که به وسیله قارچ Ascochyta rabiei ایجاد میشود، یکی از مهمترین بیمارهای نخود است که کشت و تولید آن را در بیشتر مناطق دنیا و از جمله ایران محدود میکند. بنابراین شناسایی منابع ژنتیکی مقاومت در ژرمپلاسم نخود در برابر عامل بیماری، برای طراحی برنامههای اصلاحی بسیار ضروری است. بهمنظور ارزیابی مقاومت به بیماری برق زدگی در نخود، آزمایشی با 77 ژنوتیپ پیشرفته نخود دریافتی از ایکاردا در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گنبدکاووس انجام شد و صفات فنولوژیک، مورفولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و میزان سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری یادداشتبرداری شدند. نتایج نشان داد بین ژنوتیپها از نظر کلیه صفات اختلاف معنیداری در سطح احتمال یک درصد (01/0p<) وجود داشت. بیشترین همبستگی با بیماری برقزدگی، مربوط به ارتفاع بوته بود (506/0- و 01/0p<). مطابق با نتایج رگرسیون مرحلهای، ارتفاع بوته بیشترین اثر را روی عملکرد دانه داشت. نتایج تجزیه علیت نشان داد که صفت ارتفاع بوته بیشترین اثر مستقیم را بر عملکرد دانه داشت (357/0) و بیشترین اثر غیرمستقیم مربوط به بیماری برقزدگی از طریق ارتفاع بوته بود (151/0-). بنابراین میتوان از ارتفاع بوته بهعنوان صفت برتر در برنامههای انتخاب غیرمستقیم بهره برد. تجزیه خوشهای ژنوتیپها بر اساس سطح زیر منحنی گسترش بیماری برقزدگی ژنوتیپها را به سه گروه متحمل (37 ژنوتیپ)، گروه حساس (15 ژنوتیپ) و گروه مقاوم (25ژنوتیپ)، تقسیم شد. به طورکلی میتوان نتیجه گرفت که ژنوتیپهای مقاوم در برنامههای اصلاحی برای توسعه ارقام مقاوم نخود به بیماری و مدیریت این بیماری قابل بهرهبرداری میباشند.
https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_34882_75c7d6bd24dcbdb0873df62da480b526.pdf
2021-05-22
171
186
10.22067/ijpr.v12i1.84166
برقزدگی
عملکرد
مقاومت نخود
Ascochyta rabiei
محدثه
رحمت پور
mehregan2727@gmail.com
1
دانشگاه گنبد کاووس
AUTHOR
فاختک
طلیعی
taliey.fa@gmail.com
2
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گلستان
LEAD_AUTHOR
حسین
صبوری
hos.sabouri@gmail.com
3
دانشگاه گنبدکاووس
AUTHOR
معصومه
خیرگو
mkheirgoo@gmail.com
4
دانشگاه گنبد کاووس
AUTHOR
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Varshney, R.K., Song, C., Saxena, R.K., Azam, S., Yu, S., Sharpe, A.G., Cannon, S., Baek, J., Rosen, B.D., Tar'an, B., and Millan, T. 2013. Draft genome sequence of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) provides a resource for trait improvement. Nature Biotechnology 31(3): 240-246.
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Yousefi, B., Kazemi Arbat, H., RahimZadeh Khoyi, F., and Moghadam, M. 1997. Study for some agronomic traits in chickpea cultivars under two irrigation regimes and path analysis of traits under study. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 28(4): 147-162. (In Persian with English Summary).
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Yucel, D.O., Anlarsal, A.E., and Yucel, C. 2006. Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis of yield, and yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 30: 183-188.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
گزینش ژنوتیپهای منتخب عدس (Lens culinaris Medik) متحمل به تنش خشکی با بهکارگیری پنج شاخص تحمل جدید در شرایط مشهد
بهمنظور ارزیابی و انتخاب ژنوتیپهای عدس منتخب متحمل به تنش خشکی و بررسی کارآیی شاخصهای قدیمی و جدید تحمل به تنش، پژوهشی در سال زراعی 94-1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و تحت دو شرایط رطوبتی عدم تنش خشکی (تأمین 100درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) و تنش خشکی (تأمین 40 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) بر روی 9 ژنوتیپ برگزیده از بین 73 ژنوتیپ مورد بررسی در آزمایش زراعی سال قبل، اجرا گردید. برای اعمال دقیق محدودیت آبی، از سیستم آبیاری قطرهای نواری استفاده شد و میزان آب ورودی توسط کنتور مورد پایش قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج، در شرایط بدون تنش، ژنوتیپهای MLC356 و MLC121 به ترتیب، با تولید 2621 و 993 کیلوگرم دانه در هکتار، بالاترین و پایینترین رتبه تولید دانه در واحد سطح را به خود اختصاص دادند. در شرایط تنش نیز ژنوتیپهای Cabralinta و MLC121 بهترتیب، با تولید 876 و 288 کیلوگرم دانه در هکتار، بالاترین و پایینترین رتبه تولید دانه در واحد سطح را کسب کردند. ارزیابی تحمل به تنش خشکی، بر اساس هشت شاخص قدیمی (HM، TOL، MP، STI، GMP، YI، DI و REI) و پنج شاخص جدید (SSPI، ATI، SNPI، K1STI و K2STI) صورت گرفت. مطالعۀ همبستگی بین عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش و عدم تنش و شاخصهای تحمل به خشکی نشان داد که شاخص جدید K2STI و شاخصهای قدیمی STI، GMP، REI، HM و MP برای شناسایی ژنوتیپهایی با عملکرد بالا در هر دو شرایط رطوبتی (تنش و بدون تنش) مناسب هستند. تجزیه به مؤلفههای اصلی و ترسیم بایپلات نیز نشان داد که شاخصهای جدید SNPI و K2STI و شاخصهای قدیمی YI، HM، GMP، REI و STI بهترین شاخصها برای جداسازی ژنوتیپهای در هر دو شرایط رطوبتی هستند و بر این اساس، ژنوتیپهای MLC356، Cabralinta و MLC025 بهعنوان ژنوتیپهای متحمل به تنش خشکی و با عملکرد بالا انتخاب شدند. برای گروهبندی ژنوتیپها، تجزیه خوشهای انجام گرفت و رسم دندروگرام، ژنوتیپها را به چهار کلاستر گروهبندی کرد که در این گروهبندی، Cabralinta و MLC025 در یک کلاستر (کلاستر دوم) قرار گرفتند.
https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_34895_f22ea93a67000deef64b3e3caf7e5284.pdf
2021-05-22
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10.22067/ijpr.v11i2.75861
بایپلات
تجزیه کلاستر
عملکرد دانه
همبستگی
محمدحسن
,وفایی
m.vafaei@basu.ac.ir
1
دانشگاه بوعلی سینا
AUTHOR
مهدی
پارسا
parsa@um.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
LEAD_AUTHOR
احمد
نظامی
nezami@um.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
علی
گنجعلی
ganjeali@um.ac.ir
4
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی تحمل به شوری 140 ژنوتیپ نخود دسی (Cicer arietinum)
این مطالعه در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار جهت بررسی تحمل به شوری 140 ژنوتیپ نخود دسی در تنش شوری dSm-112 کلرید سدیم در شرایط هیدروپونیک در سال 1395 در پژوهشکده علوم گیاهی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که 21 ژنوتیپ دارای بقای بالاتر از 76 درصد بود که در این میان شش ژنوتیپ MCC18، MCC22، MCC29، MCC59، MCC136 و MCC430 دارای بقای 100 درصد بودند. در دامنههای بقای 76-100، 51-75، 26-50 و 0-25 درصد، به ترتیب 43، 57، 42 و 16 درصد از ژنوتیپها در مراحل رشدی بعد از گلدهی قرار داشتند. با افزایش درصد بقاء، ارتفاع بوته افزایش پیدا کرد، بهطوریکه ژنوتیپهای موجود در دامنه بقای 76-100 درصد نسبت به ژنوتیپهای موجود در دامنه بقای 51-75، 26-50 و 0-25 درصد به ترتیب 4، 5 و 12سانتیمتر ارتفاع بوته بیشتری داشتند. در دامنه بقای 0-25 درصد، تعداد شاخه فرعی کمتری نسبت به سایر دامنههای بقاء مشاهده شد. در دامنه بقای 76-100 و 51-75 درصد، درصد برگهای ریزشکرده و برگهای باقیمانده مشابه بود. بیشترین درصد برگ باقیمانده (73درصد) در ژنوتیپ MCC177 با بقای گیاهچه 75 درصد مشاهده شد. متوسط شاخص پایداری غشاء در دامنههای مختلف بقاء با افزایش درصد بقاء پایداری غشاء افزایش یافت. بیشترین شاخص پایداری غشاء مربوط به ژنوتیپهای MCC34 و MCC179 به ترتیب با بقای 53 و 85 درصد و پایداری غشاء 52 و 51 درصد بود. با افزایش درصد بقاء، مقدار سدیم کاهش و مقدار پتاسیم افزایش یافت. میزان ماده خشک با افزایش بقاء از 25-0 درصد به 50-26، 51-75 و 76-100 درصد به ترتیب 16، 24 و 38 درصد افزایش یافت. شش ژنوتیپ MCC4، MCC43، MCC22، MCC49، MCC59 و MCC85 بیشترین وزن اندام هوایی را در میان ژنوتیپها دارا بودند. بهطورکلی امکان استفاده از ژنوتیپهای دارای مکانیسمهای تحمل به شوری جهت اصلاح برای تنش شوری و همچنین بهگزینی ژنوتیپهای نخود دسی برای شرایط تنش شوری ملایم وجود دارد.
https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_34909_80408dd2e0b61d87bd3996bf85a359f1.pdf
2021-05-22
205
220
10.22067/ijpr.v11i2.78306
بقاء
پتاسیم
سدیم
غشاء
هیدروپونیک
جعفر
نباتی
jafarnabati@um.ac.ir
1
گروه بقولات، پژوهشکده علوم گیاهی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمد
کافی
m.kafi@um.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
احمد
نظامی
nezami@um.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
الهه
برومند رضا زاده
elaheh.boroumand@mail.um.ac.ir
4
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی اثر تنوع و یکنواختی علفهایهرز بر عملکرد عدس (Lens culinaris L.)
حضور علفهایهرز در زیستبومهای کشاورزی همیشه منفی نبوده و میتواند با افزایش تنوع گونهای سبب ایجاد اثرات مثبت بر زیستبوم و گیاه زراعی شود. ازاینرو مطالعهای در سال زراعی 95-1394 با هدف بررسی روابط موجود در جوامع علفهایهرز یک مزرعه عدس و نیز اثر شاخصهای تنوع بر عملکرد عدس انجام شد. تراکم، ارتفاع و وزن خشک علفهایهرز بهعنوان متغیرهای مستقل و عملکرد عدس بهعنوان متغیر وابسته در نظر گرفتهشد و نمونهبرداری در دو مرحله (قبل از گلدهی و همزمان با رسیدگی فیزیولوژیکی عدس) انجام شد. علاوه بر این، با استفاده از دادههای ثبتشده مربوط به علفهایهرز، شاخصهای تنوع زیستی شانون-وینر ('H) و سیمپسون (D) و شاخـصهای یکنواختی اسمیث- ویلسون (Evar) و کامارگو ('E) محاسبه شدند. روابط بین علفهایهرز و عدس با استفاده از رگرسیون گامبهگام و نقشههای مربوط به تنوع علفهایهرز و عدس نیز با استفاده از روش درونیابی کریجینگ استخراج شدند. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که عملکرد دانه عدس با افزایش یک بوته و همچنین یک گرم در مترمربع علفهرز به مقدار 83/0 و 27/0 گرم در مترمربع کاهش یافت؛ درحالیکه تنوع و یکنواختی علفهایهرز، بر عملکرد عدس اثر مثبت و معنیدار داشت و افزایش یک واحد در شاخصهای یکنواختی اسمیث و ویلسون و تنوع سیمپسون منجر به افزایش عملکرد دانه عدس به مقدار 48/76 و 66/64 گرم در مترمربع شد. نقشههای مکانی عملکرد عدس و شاخصهای تنوع و یکنواختی علفهایهرز نیز بهخوبی نمایانگر این رابطه مثبت بود. در حقیقت افزایش تنوع و یکنواختی علفهایهرز در مزارع باعث تقسیم عادلانهتر منابع و خسارتزایی کمتر برخی گونههای علفهایهرز میشود. ازاینرو، افزایش آگاهی درباره اثرات مثبت و منفی تنوع علفهایهرز میتواند در مدیریت بهتر علفهایهرز مزارع مفید واقع شود.
https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_34926_46b0e47ac112fd0990756b31555a075f.pdf
2021-05-22
221
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10.22067/ijpr.v12i1.77217
توزیع مکانی علفهایهرز
حبوبات
شاخصهای تنوع و یکنواختی
عملکرد دانه
نگین
زرگریان
negin.zargarian@gmail.com
1
دانشگاه رازی
AUTHOR
علیرضا
باقری
alireza884@gmail.com
2
دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه
LEAD_AUTHOR
ایرج
نصرتی
i.nosratti@razi.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه رازی
AUTHOR
فرزاد
مندنی
f.mondani@razi.ac.ir
4
دانشگاه رازی
AUTHOR
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