@article { author = {Moosavi, Sayyed Saeed and Abdollahi, Mohammad Reza and Abdi, Fatemeh and Kanouni, Homayoun}, title = {Assessing variability and detecting the effective traits on yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) promising lines under drought stress condition}, journal = {Iranian Journal Pulses Research}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {150-163}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2980-793X}, eissn = {2783-5367}, doi = {10.22067/ijpr.v11i2.70383}, abstract = {Introduction Chickpea is one of the most important pulses in the world and it plays a key role in feeding of people in Iran. Iran is one of the original centers of chickpea. This plant has a significant genetic diversity and has favorable conditions for breeding and introducing new cultivars in Iran. According to FAO reports (2014), the average grain yield of chickpea in Iran with a cultivated area of 565 thousand hectares and an average yield of 557 kg per hectare is very low compared to the average of the major countries producing chickpeas. In order to solve this problem, identification of the initial variety of lines and cultivars to start the program is of particular importance. In fact, three factors of heredity, high diversity and severity of selection are effective factors in increasing the response to selection. In this regard, there are various methods for estimating genetic variation in plant species, one of the most important of these methods is multivariate analysis. It is necessary to use these methods for the classification of germplasm and the analysis of the genetic relationships existing between the modifying materials. Among the various methods of multivariate analysis, the principal component analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis and decomposition function analysis are among the most important of these methods. In fact, one of the important goals of an outbreak is to select the best genotypes. In order to achieve this goal, the studied population should have a significant variation in terms of the characteristics studied, which knowledge of this diversity requires evaluation of the germplasm.   Materials and Methods This study included 20 chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) promising lines were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013 growing season. To evaluate the diversity of lines based on important agro-morphological traits and to achieve the desired goals, various statistical methods including principal component analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis and decomposition function analysis were used. Genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) and phenotype coefficient of variance (PCV) using genotype variance and phenotype variance, respectively, were calculated. All calculations and statistical analyzes such as component analysis, cluster analysis, and decomposition function analysis were performed using SPSS and Minitab software.   Results and Discussion The lowest and the highest coefficient of genotypic changes were related to day physiology (2.66%) and 100-seed weight (49.76%). The results showed that the three main first components explained 76% of the total variance of the traits totally. The first and second components were named as "component of grain yield increase" and "vegetative growth component". The results of factor analysis were consistent with the results of the principal component analysis. In order to cluster the studied lines and for their grouping based on the studied traits, Ward method and Pearson’s square distance matrix were used. According to the cluster analysis, the genotypes were located in three distinct groups, so that the second and third clusters had the highest genetic distance and they were recognized as “yield clusters" and "vegetative growth cluster", respectively. Therefore, crossing between the two above mentioned-groups, will result to high artificial diversity in the future generations. According to the cluster analysis, the lines were divided into three separate clusters. Discriminant function analysis confirmed the cluster grouping completely. In a study, nineteen chickpea lines and five genotypes of wild chickpea (Cicer veticulatum) were classified into three distinct groups using cluster analysis, so that wild-type genotypes in one group and two lines of cropping lines were grouped separately from other lines. Ganjali et al, (2009), applied the multivariate bi-plot analysis to evaluate the variation in chickpea germplasm for drought resistance.   Conclusion There was a remarkable genetic diversity for the current germplasm, therefore existence a high level of genetic diversity and a remarkable GVC for the trait of 100-seed weight indicating that this trait can be used as a suitable character for yield improvement in the germplasm and under this experiment conditions. Finally, selection for high levels of biomass, pod number per plant and seed number per plant, and a low amount of main branches number, will increase the grain yield in the future breeding program.}, keywords = {Cluster analysis؛ Discriminant function,Drought stress؛ Factor analysis؛ Principal component analysis}, title_fa = {ارزیابی تنوع‌پذیری و شناسایی صفات مؤثر بر عملکرد لاین‌های امیدبخش نخود تحت شرایط تنش خشکی}, abstract_fa = {اولین گام جهت موفقیت در هر برنامه به نژادی، ارزیابی تنوع ژرم‌پلاسم و برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی مرتبط با تنوع در صفات مختلف می­باشد. اهداف اصلی این تحقیق، ارزیابی 20 ژنوتیپ نخود با استفاده از روش­های مختلف آماری، برآورد برخی از پارامترهای ژنتیکی صفات مهم اگرومورفولوژیکی و شناسایی مهم­ترین صفات مؤثر بر افزایش عملکرد دانه آن‌ها بود. جهت رسیدن به این اهداف، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار تحت شرایط دیم در مزرعه پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان- ایستگاه سنندج در سال زراعی 1392-1391 انجام شد. هرچند که مقدار زیاد مؤلفه اول و عامل اول، به­عنوان «مؤلفه یا عامل عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد»، مورد نظر بود، ولی مقدار بینابین مؤلفه دوم و عامل دوم، به­عنوان «مؤلفه یا عامل رشد رویشی» پیشنهاد شد. بیشترین هم­راستایی مثبت صفات با مؤلفه و عامل اول، به­ترتیب مربوط به زیست­توده، عملکرد دانه در بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته و تعداد دانه در بوته بود که بر این اساس، صفات زیست­توده، تعداد غلاف در بوته و تعداد دانه در بوته، به­عنوان مهم­ترین صفات مؤثر بر افزایش عملکرد دانه تحت شرایط دیم شناخته شدند. به­طور معکوس، افزایش بی‌رویه صفت تعداد شاخه­ اصلی در بوته، بیشترین ارتباط منفی را با مؤلفه و عامل اول، یعنی با عملکرد دانه، نشان داد و به­عنوان نامطلوب­ترین صفت با تأثیر منفی بر عملکرد دانه در شرایط این آزمایش شناسایی شد. پراکنش مطلوب ژنوتیپ­ها در هر چهار ناحیه بای‌پلات­ها بیانگر وجود تنوع ژنتیکی بالا در بین آن‌ها بود. از بین صفات مورد نظر، صفات وزن100دانه، زیست­توده و عملکرد دانه بیشترین تنوع ژنتیکی را نشان دادند. نتایج تجزیه خوشه­ای بیانگر این بود که خوشه دوم، به­عنوان «خوشه عملکرد دانه»، دارای بیشترین فاصله ژنتیکی با اعضای خوشه سوم بود که انجام تلاقی بین ژنوتیپ­های این دو خوشه، منجر به بروز تنوع چشمگیری در اولین نسل تفرق خواهد شد. نتایج تجزیه تابع تشخیص، صحت گروه­بندی تجزیه خوشه­ای را به طور صددرصد تأیید نمود. طبق نتایج این آزمایش، انتخاب برای مقدار بیشتر صفات زیست­توده، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته و مقدار کمتر تعداد شاخه­ اصلی در بوته، منجر به بهبود عملکرد دانه تحت شرایط دیم خواهد شد. از بین صفات، وزن100دانه و زیست‌توده دارای بیشترین تنوع ژنتیکی بودند که از این تنوع موجود می­توان در راستای انتخاب غیرمستقیم جهت بهبود عملکرد دانه در این ژرم‌پلاسم و تحت شرایط دیم استفاده کرد.}, keywords_fa = {تجزیه به مؤلفه های اصلی,تجزیه تابع تشخیص,تجزیه خوشه ای,تجزیه عاملی,تنش خشکی}, url = {https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_34659.html}, eprint = {https://ijpr.um.ac.ir/article_34659_b78a438a288bd343ce3a7356303bd28f.pdf} }