اثر تاریخ کاشت و رقم بر تراکم و خسارت مگس مینوز برگ نخود (Becker) Liriomyza congesta در منطقه اشنویه، استان آذربایجان‌غربی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران

2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران

3 گروه گیاه پزشکی، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت و رقم بر کنترل مگس مینوز برگ نخود، (Becker) Liriomyza congestaدر منطقه اشنویه استان آذربایجان غربی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1398-1397 اجرا گردید. در این تحقیق فاکتور اول، ارقام نخود شامل گریت، جم، بیونیج، ILC482 و رقم محلی پیروز و فاکتور دوم سه زمان کشت در تاریخ­های 29 اسفند، 15 و 31 فروردین بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده­ها نشان داد بین ارقام مختلف و زمان­های مختلف کاشت در مورد تمام صفات مورد بررسی اختلاف معنی­دار وجود داشت (05/0p<). همچنین در مورد تمام صفات مورد بررسی، به‌جُز میزان بوته­های آلوده، اثر متقابل رقم در زمان کاشت معنی­دار بود (05/0p<). در بین ارقام مورد بررسی بیشترین تعداد بوته­های آلوده (84/1±77/17 درصد)، تعداد لارو در بوته (38/0±66/4 لارو)، میزان آلودگی برگ (58/0±11 درصد) و کمترین تعداد دانه در بوته (58/0±20 دانه) و وزن100دانه (88/0±66/16 گرم) به رقم جم اختصاص داشت. بیشترین تعداد غلاف در بوته (19/2±66/19 غلاف)، تعداد دانه در بوته (53/1±26 دانه)، وزن100دانه (30/1±33 گرم)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (57/158±3/2547 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد دانه (76/46±4/1397 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کمترین میزان بوته­های آلوده (61/0±40/7 درصد) در رقمILC482 مشاهده گردید. زمان کاشت 29 اسفند به عنوان بهترین زمان کاشت و رقم ILC482 به عنوان مقاوم­ترین و پرمحصول­ترین رقم شناسایی شد. بنابراین با تنظیم تاریخ کاشت و استفاده از ارقام مقاوم می­توان به صورت مؤثری مگس مینوز برگ نخود را کنترل کرد. با توجه به نتایج تحقیق حاضر می­توان اظهار داشت هر چند کاشت در زمان 29 اسفند بیشترین درصد برگ‌های آلوده را به خود اختصاص داد، اما به دلیل افزایش طول دوره رشد و مکانیسم جبرانی، گیاه توانست علاوه بر تحمل آفت، بیشترین عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد را تولید کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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