ارزیابی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت بر کارآیی مصرف نور و عملکرد ارقام نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) تحت شرایط اقلیمی منطقه کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• هانیه حاجی شعبانی
• فرزاد مندنی
• علیرضا باقری

گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

10.22067/ijpr.v12i1.79618

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت بر کارآیی جذب و مصرف نور ارقام نخود آزمایشی به صورت کرت­های خُردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 96-1395 در شرایط آب و هوایی کرمانشاه اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه تاریخ کاشت (10 اسفند، 20 اسفند و 17 فروردین) به عنوان عامل اصلی و چهار رقم نخود (بیونیج، عادل، آرمان و ILC482) به عنوان عامل فرعی بود. نتایج نشان داد تأخیر در کاشت باعث کاهش عملکرد دانه (45 درصد) و عملکرد ماده خشک کل (5/33 درصد) شد. رقم بیونیج نسبت به سایر ارقام از عملکرد بیشتری (35درصد) برخوردار بود. بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ (8/3) مربوط به رقم آرمان در تاریخ کاشت 10 اسفند و کمترین آن (9/1) مربوط به رقم ILC482 در تاریخ کاشت 17 فروردین بود. روند جذب نور تابع شاخص سطح برگ بود و با تأخیر در کاشت حدود 6/1 درصد کاهش یافت. کارآیی مصرف نور از 6/1 برای رقم عادل در تاریخ 10 اسفند تا 7/0 گرم بر مگاژول برای رقم آرمان در تاریخ 17 فروردین متغیر بود. تأخیر در کاشت کارآیی مصرف نور را حدود 22 درصد کاهش داد، اگرچه این کاهش در ارقام مختلف متفاوت بود. به طورکلی نتایج نشان داد تأخیر در تاریخ کاشت، منجر به کاهش کارآیی مصرف نور و عملکرد دانه گردید. با این وجود در کشت دیرهنگام انتخاب ارقام مناسب توانست تا حدودی افت عملکرد ناشی از برخورد گیاه با شرایط محیطی نامناسب، به ویژه خشکی انتهای دوره رشد را کاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• جذب نور
• شاخص سطح برگ
• کارآیی مصرف نور
• عملکرد دانه

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